题目内容
15.We often consider plants as the furniture of the natural world.They don't move; they don't make sounds,they don't seem to act on anything.But as is often the case,plants talk to each other all the time.And the language is chemical.
Over the years,scientists have reported that different types of plants,from trees to tomatoes,give out chemicals into the air to help neighboring plants.These chemical warnings can spread information about one plant's disease or infestation(虫害),so other plants can protect themselves.But how plants receive and act on many of the information exactly is still mysterious.
In this week's Science Magazine,researchers in Japan offered some explanations.They have found out one chemical message and traced it all the way from beginning to end.
The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest(害虫).To start out,they grew plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube(管子).One plant was infested and placed upwind and the other was uninfested and placed downwind.The downwind plants were later exposed(暴露) to the pest.The results showed that plants near sick neighbors before were able to protect themselves better against the pest.
They found one chemical appeared more often in the exposed plants.The chemical is called HexVic.The scientists discovered where HexVic come from,and put it over healthy plants.Those plants were then able to produce HexVic.Researchers made sure that uninfested plants could fight off bugs and diseases.How do they know when to protect themselves?They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.
It is not a simple story,and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes.It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us.In a word,we know that plants not only communicate,but also look out for one another.
42.The underlined"traced"in the fourth paragraph probably meansB here.
A.reported B.followed C.doubted D.developed
43.For scientists,which are the right steps to watch tomato plants infested by a pest?C
①Place the infested plant upwind.
②Place the uninfested plant downwind.
③Expose the downwind plants to the pest.
④Grow plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube.
A.③①②④B.①④③②C.④①②③D.④②①③
44.You can put the sentence"The researches also studied leaves from exposed plants and unexposed plants."At the beginning ofD
A.Paragraph 3 B.Paragraph 4 C.Paragraph 5 D.Paragraph 6
45.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?B
A.Communicating Plants and Terrible Diseases
B.Talking Plants and Friendly Warnings
C.Protecting Plants and Clear Information
D.Growing Plants and Mysterious Chemicals.
分析 短文大意:
新的研究发现植株之间交流是危险的警告.
我们经常把植物视为自然世界的家具.他们不会移动.他们不发出声音.他们似乎没有任何行动.但通常情况下,植物总是在相互交谈.植株之间的交流就是一种化学物质.
多年来,科学家们已经报道了不同类型的植物,从树到西红柿,为了帮助邻近的植物,能把化学物质转化为空气.这些化学警告可以传播一植物的疾病或感染的虫害,其他植物可以借此来保护自己.但是植物如何接收和释放这些信息,仍然很神秘.
在本周的科学杂志上,日本研究人员提出了一些解释.他们已经找到了一些化学信息,从头到尾一直在跟踪.
科学家们观察着在番茄上出没的常见害虫.开始,他们用两个单独的塑料管连接在生长的植物之间.他们把一种植物放在上风口,把其他未受害的植物放在下风口. 结果表明植物在生病的邻居之前,能够更好地保护自己免受害虫的侵害.
科学家观察了害虫在植株上滋生的过程,发现在被害虫感染的植株上有一种化学物质HexVic.这种物质放在健康的植株上,也会产生这些物质.研究人员确信,被传染过的植物能对抗病毒和疾病.他们怎么知道什么时候保护自己?因为他们友好的邻居警告他们.
这不是一个简单的故事,它可能会发生在比西红柿更多的植物种类身上.它可能还会发生更多的化学信号,这对我们来说仍然是未知的.总之,植株之间不仅交流,而且要互相小心.
解答 42.B:词义猜测题.根据 all the way from beginning to end.可知,此处从头到尾一直在跟踪,故选B.
43.C:细节理解题.根据To start out,they grew plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube(管子).One plant was infested and placed upwind and the other was uninfested and placed downwind.The downwind plants were later exposed(暴露) to the pest.可知,科学家观察害虫在植株上滋生的步骤为:首先他们在两个由管子连接独立的塑料空间种上植株,一棵植株被感染上害虫,放在迎风的地方,另一棵植株没有被感染,被放在顺风的地方.不久顺风地方的植株也暴露在害虫面前.故选C.
44.D:推理判断题.根据They found one chemical appeared more often in the exposed plants.可知,他们在被暴露的植株上发现了一种化学物质,故在此之前应是科学家把被暴露的植株和没被暴露的植株进行比较,才会发现他们之间的差别.因此这句话应出现在第6段.故选D.
45.B:标题归纳题.根据A new study finds that plants communicate with one another to warn of danger.可知,本文是围绕着对植物之间互相交流带来的危险警告.故选B.
点评 本类型阅读主要是围绕饮食健康、医疗卫生及环境保护等方面选取实际的材料来设题.应试这类题目时,在理解文章的基础上,要重点突破--归纳主旨大意技能,因为推断是以整体理解为基础的推断能力.阅读时应观察全文的结构安排,理解文章浓墨重笔写的"重心",考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的,分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心大意来安排的. 在做推理判断题时,要求学生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实,在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意,并作出正确的推理和判断.
---Oh,________ of these two buses will take you there.You must go and take No.3 bus.( )
| A. | neither | B. | all | C. | none | D. | both |
| A. | two hundreds of | B. | two hundred of | C. | two hundreds | D. | two hundred |