It is easy for us to tell who our family members are, but do plants recognize(识别) their own family? Some do, scientists say, according to a report by Science News in early 2010.
Guillermo P. Murphy and Susan Dudley are two plant scientists from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. They did a few experiments with Jewelweeds, a kind of flower that grows in wet, shady spots. They found that the flowers seem to know their own flower family. In their experiments, Murphy and Dudley planted jewelweeds in pots with either siblings or strangers.
When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response(反应)suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food. Jewelweeds usually grow in the shade, where sunlight is not enough.
When jewelweed seedlings(幼苗)were planted with siblings, they grew a few more branches than they usually would if they were alone – but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete.
According to the Science News report, Jewelweeds are not the first plants that plant scientists have studied for family recognition. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach – where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the scientists found that when sea rockets were planted with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea rockets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots.
Dudley says this just because sea rockets, on the beach, get plenty of sun but struggle for water – so when they’re threatened, they compete for water. Jewelweeds have plenty of water but have to compete for sunshine, so they grow more leaves.
【小题1】 What does the underlined word siblings mean?

A.Flowers come from foreign countries.
B.Plants growing in different environments.
C.Flowers planted with lots of strangers.
D.Plants that are the same kind.
【小题2】 In the text, the writer mentioned the experiments of Jewelweeds to         .
A.make a comparisonB.introduce a topic
C.describe a pretty flowerD.build a new theory
【小题3】 According to the passage, flowers planted alone will         .
A.grow more leaves than those planted in groups
B.become taller than those with more branches
C.grow fewer leaves than those planted with strangers
D.become ill easily because they can’t get enough shade
【小题4】 What can be the best title for the passage?
A.New Discoveries about Plants
B.How Plants Compete with Each Other
C.Family Recognition among Plants
D.Jewelweeds and the Great Lakes Sea Rockets

根据短文内容,从各题所给的ABCD四个选项中选出最佳选项。

“Never give up!” It is my law(法则) of life. It has brought me ____. I learned the law from my father's ____ story.

My father was ____ in a poor village in the north of Jiangsuin China. When he was a young boyhe went to school in the morningthen ___ in the fields till sunset. And then he did his homework ____ midnight. Life was hardbecause they had no ___

At the age of 14my father heard of the United States of America. It was the land of goldthe land where ____ people can become rich.

“____ don't I go to America” he thought to himselffull of hope.

Somy father came to America. “I had thought it was easy to ____ money in America” he told me. “But when I arrived thereI realized it was not true. They did not like to hire(雇佣) me because I spoke ____ English. LaterI worked in a small restaurantcleaning up tables____dishes and sweeping the floor. Life was ____ for the first few years. I worked from 10 a. m. to 11 p. m. I wanted to go to school to learn Englishbut it was impossible. I couldn't ____ the schooling(学费). ”

My father ____ working hardand reached his goal.

“Alan” he often says to me. “If you want somethingyou have to work for it and never give up. Things do not come ____ in life. ” That is what I learned from my father.

1.A. disaster??? ?? B. loss??? ???? C. success??? ?? D. pity

2.A. life??? ???? B. fashion?? ??? C. danger??? ?? D. history

3.A. famous??? ?? B. lucky?? ???? C. rich???? ??? D. born

4.A. taught??? ?? B. worked?? ??? C. studied??? ?? D. slept

5.A. until??? ???? B. towards? ??? C. for???? ???? D. during

6.A. experience?? B. energy?? ??? C. time???? ??? D. money

7.A. kind??? ???? B. poor?? ????? C. strong??? ?? D. lazy

8.A. What??? ??? B. How?? ????? C. Why??? ??? D. When

9.A. discover??? ? B. make?? ???? C. collect??? ?? D. spend

10.A. little??? ??? B. good?? ???? C. much??? ???? D. excellent

11.A. giving??? ?? B. running?? ? C. washing??? ?? D. receiving

12.A. comfortable? B. cheerful?? ? C. nice???? ????? D. hard

13.A. borrow??? ? B. need?? ???? C. afford??? ???? D. pay

14.A. kept?? ???? B. finished?? ?? C. minded?? ?? D. stopped

15.A. really?? ??? B. easily?? ???? C. quietly??? ??? D. slowly

 

根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,并将答案填写在标号为 72~81 的相应位置上。

In a school some trouble was caused by the students, who were naughty(调皮的)and didn’t follow the school rules. They often fought with each other and they didn’t f 1.  each other. One day a new teacher came to this school. When he heard that, he came up w 2.   a good idea. He told each of his students to b 3.   a clear plastic bag and a bag of potatoes to school. For every person they didn’t want to forgive in their lives, they chose a potato, wrote the person’s name on it, and put it in the plastic bag.

Some of their bags were very h  4.  . They were then told to carry this bag with them e 5.  for one week. They would put it beside their bed at night, on the seat when they s6.  in a car or on a bus, and next to their desk at school. Days of carrying the bags a  7.   with them made students get to know what a weight they were carrying in their minds. And they had to pay so much attention to it all the time t  8.   they didn’t forget it or leave it in embarrassing places. As time p  9.  by, the potatoes went bad and made people feel sick.

Too often we think of tolerance(容忍)as a gift to other people, and it clearly is for ourselves! If we choose to keep our sadness and hatred (仇恨) in our hearts, we will have to carry them around all our lives. After that, the students got on w 10.   with each other and didn’t fight any more. Learn to forgive, and you will be happier at the same time.

 

It is easy for us to tell who our family members are, but do plants recognize(识别) their own family? Some do, scientists say, according to a report by Science News in early 2010.

Guillermo P. Murphy and Susan Dudley are two plant scientists from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. They did a few experiments with Jewelweeds, a kind of flower that grows in wet, shady spots. They found that the flowers seem to know their own flower family. In their experiments, Murphy and Dudley planted jewelweeds in pots with either siblings or strangers.

When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response(反应)suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food. Jewelweeds usually grow in the shade, where sunlight is not enough.

When jewelweed seedlings(幼苗)were planted with siblings, they grew a few more branches than they usually would if they were alone – but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete.

According to the Science News report, Jewelweeds are not the first plants that plant scientists have studied for family recognition. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach – where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the scientists found that when sea rockets were planted with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea rockets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots.

Dudley says this just because sea rockets, on the beach, get plenty of sun but struggle for water – so when they’re threatened, they compete for water. Jewelweeds have plenty of water but have to compete for sunshine, so they grow more leaves.

1. What does the underlined word siblings mean?

A.Flowers come from foreign countries.

B.Plants growing in different environments.

C.Flowers planted with lots of strangers.

D.Plants that are the same kind.

2. In the text, the writer mentioned the experiments of Jewelweeds to         .

A.make a comparison                      B.introduce a topic

C.describe a pretty flower                  D.build a new theory

3. According to the passage, flowers planted alone will         .

A.grow more leaves than those planted in groups

B.become taller than those with more branches

C.grow fewer leaves than those planted with strangers

D.become ill easily because they can’t get enough shade

4. What can be the best title for the passage?

A.New Discoveries about Plants

B.How Plants Compete with Each Other

C.Family Recognition among Plants

D.Jewelweeds and the Great Lakes Sea Rockets

 

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