题目内容


如图是甲、乙两物质(均不含结晶水)的溶解曲线,据此回答以下问题:

(1)t1℃时,A物质的溶解度为           g;

(2)a点的含义是                                       ;在t2℃时,A、B两物质的溶解度相同

(3)溶解度受温度影响小的物质是                

(4)从A、B的混合物中分离A物质,一般采用            的方法。

(1)t1℃时,A物质的溶解度为           g;

(2)a点的含义是                                       ;在t2℃时,A、B两物质的溶解度相同

(3)溶解度受温度影响小的物质是                

(4)从A、B的混合物中分离A物质,一般采用            的方法。


【答案】(1)25;(2)在t2℃时,A、B两物质的溶解度相同;(3)B;(4)冷却热饱和溶液

【解析】

试题分析:(1)由A物质的溶解度曲线可知,t1℃时,A物质的溶解度为25g;

(2)由A、B物质的溶解度曲线可知:a点的是A、B两物质的溶解度曲线的交点,a点的含义是:在t2℃时,A、B两物质的溶解度相同; 

(3)由溶解度曲线可知,溶解度受温度影响小的物质是B;

(4)由A、B物质的溶解度曲线可知:A物质的溶解度受温度的影响较大,B物质的溶解度受温度的影响不大.所以,从A、B的混合物中分离A物质,一般采用冷却热饱和溶液 的方法.


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某化学兴趣小组同学用Na2CO3溶液和浓HCl来研究简易灭火器的反应原理时,对废液的成分进行探究。

【推理假设】  废液的成分中一定有               ,可能有Na2CO3或盐酸.

【实验探究】  确定废液成分中是否含有Na2CO3或盐酸

     请你协助兴趣小组的同学完成实验探究,并完成实验报告。

实验步骤

现象

结论

该废液中一定没有盐酸                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

该废液中一定含有Na2CO3


通过晾晒海水或煮盐井水、盐湖水等,可以蒸发除去水分得到粗盐.粗盐中含有难溶性杂质(泥沙等)和多种可溶性杂质(氯化镁、氯化钙等).

[提出问题]如何才能将粗盐中难溶性杂质和可溶性杂质(氯化镁、氯化钙)除去,从而获得较纯的食盐晶体?

[资料准备]

20℃时,一些物质的溶解度

OH﹣

   Na+

Ca2+

Mg2+

[实验方案]某同学为了提纯粗盐,设计了如下实验方案并进行实验.

[交流与表达]

(1)实验步骤①和②的目的是                 ;实验步骤③和④的目的是                   .

(2)实验操作X的名称是                     ,该操作中要用到的玻璃仪器有烧杯、玻璃棒和                     .

(3)实验步骤③的主要目的是                     (用化学方程式回答);判断氢氧化钠溶液已过量的方法是                   

(4)实验步骤④中生成的沉淀D是                     .

(5)实验步骤⑤用蒸发溶剂的方法而不用降低溶液温度的方法获取食盐晶体,原因是               ;在蒸发食盐溶液的过程中要使用玻璃棒,作用是                   

[反思与评价]

(6)有同学认为只需要用氢氧化钠溶液和碳酸钠溶液中任意一种试剂就能将两种可溶性杂质出去,你认为这种方法                   (选填“可行”或“不可行”),理由是 MgCO3、Ca(OH)2均为微溶物,只用任意一种试剂就会有一种杂质生成微溶物而不能全部除去 .

(7)有同学认为原实验方案不完善,做出这种评价的依据是                     .

[实验方案设计]

(8)为了完善原实验方案,你设计的实验是                    (仅写出补充部分的实验操作和现象)

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