8、       seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter college or university.

A．It         B．There       C．What          D．That

7、History abounds (有许多) with tales of specialists who thought that the ideas, plans, and projects of others could never be achieved.   1  , success came to those who said, “I can make it happen.”

The Italian   2   Augustine’ Antonio worked hard on a large piece of marble. Unable to produce his   3   masterpiece, he said sadly, “I can do nothing with it.” But Michelangelo discovered the stone and   4   the possibilities in it. His “I – can – make – it – happen” attitude

  5   one of the world’s masterpieces – David.

The   6   of Spain concluded that Columbus’s plans to discover a new and shorter route to the West India were   7  . “I can make it happen,” Columbus   8  . And he did. Everyone knew the world was   9  , but not Columbus.

  10   the great Thomas Alva Edison   11   his friend, Henry Ford, from pursuing (致力于) his   12   of a motorcar. Convinced   13   the worthlessness of the idea, Edison invited Ford to come and work for him. Ford said no and continued to tirelessly pursue his dream.   14   his first attempt failed, Henry Ford   15   he could make it happen. And,   16  , he did.

Finally,   17   you read this article under the magnificent   18   of your environment, consider the   19   situation of Benjamin Franklin. He was advised to stop foolishly experimenting with lighting. What a waste of time! Why, nothing could be   20   than the oil lamp. Thank goodness Franklin knew he could make it happen. You can make it happen too!

1．A．Therefore              B．Instead                C．However             D．Otherwise

2．A．sculptor                B．professor             C．painter                D．expert

3．A．desired                  B．well – known      C．inspired               D．disturbed

4．A．believed                B．wished                C．expected             D．imagined

5．A．called in                B．resulted in            C．took in                D．turned into

6．A．specialists             B．officials               C．students              D．people

7．A．unnecessary          B．necessary            C．impossible           D．possible

8．A．doubted                B．laughed               C．wondered            D．insisted

9．A．round                   B．flat                      C．big                      D．small

10．A．Yet                     B．Even                   C．Still                     D．But

11．A．discouraged         B．prevented            C．protected             D．encouraged

12．A．opinion                B．knowledge           C．idea                    D．information

13．A．for                      B．of                       C．with                    D．about

14．A．If                       B．As                      C．Until                   D．Although

15．A．wondered            B．knew                  C．guessed               D．imagined

16．A．no doubt             B．in time                 C．of course            D．once more

17．A．as                       B．since                   C．before                 D．after

18．A．warmth               B．feeling                 C．comfort              D．lighting

19．A．difficult               B．ambiguous           C．mysterious          D．strange

20．A．worse                 B．better                  C．brighter               D．darker

6、Abby Subark is a mother of two kids from Boston. “For my kids, I’m nervous. I don’t know if they’ll be able to achieve their American dream.” She may be right. More than hard work or education, the best way to get rich in America is to be born rich.

It is the case that somebody who is in the upper third of income, with poor scores, at the bottom on tests when they are in eighth grade, is more likely to go to college and finish college than a poor kid with the top scores. That’s what the working persons’ children are up against.

The Economic Policy Institute finds it would take a poor couple with 2 children 9 or 10 generations to achieve middle class status. That’s about 200 years. The typical feature of American opportunity has always been the ability to do better than your parents. But compared with similar developed countries, the United States ranks fifth out of six for so-called intergenerational mobility (变动).

If you look at the mechanisms (机制) for upward mobility that were so readily available 50 years ago, they are becoming out of reach, like plentiful factory jobs with good wages and affordable education and health care.

White families are twice as likely as blacks to be upwardly mobile. For most people in America today, where you end up depends on where you start.

If you started in the middle – income class, about 40 to 45 percent of what you are making right now is due to the fact that your parents were in the middle – income class. The rest is up to you.

But for the millions of people who find themselves below the poverty line and the millions more who are the working poor, their starting point for the American dream leaves them painfully far away from the middle class.

1．The main idea of the passage is              .

       A．how the middle class comes about in the U.S.

       B．it’s hard for poor Americans to realize their American dream

       C．social status totally depends on family background

       D．upward mobility in America has always been easy.

2．Which of the statements is NOT true according to the passage?

       A．People used to have more opportunities for upward mobility.

       B．A great many poor people can hardly realize their American dream.

       C．You can make all your dreams come true in America if born rich.

       D．Rich kids are more likely to go to college than poor kids.

3．The underlined sentence “where you end up depends on where you start” most probably means              .

       A．your starting point cannot determine your destination.

       B．only a high goal can ensure success.

       C．your birth had nothing to do with your fate

       D．your family lays solid foundation for your future achievement

4．Why is Abby Subark nervous?

       A．Her kids don’t like to compare with rich children.

       B．Her kids don’t want to achieve success at all.

       C．Her kids can succeed through hard work and education.

       D．Her kids cannot easily reach their goals.

5．What can we infer from the passage?　

       A．Poverty causes people much pain.

       B．People below the poverty line can never be in the middle class.

       C．Lower starting point makes it hard for people to realize their dream.

       D．Poor people’s starting point is too low.

5、An Australian – based scientist announced yesterday he had made a step forward in forensic (用于法庭的) DNA testing so that an individual can be identified by a single cell.

Ian Findlay, from the Australian Genome Research Facility at the University of Queensland, said current DNA testing required 200 to 500 cells to gain a similar level of accuracy.

“What we have done has brought that down to one cell,” Dr Findlay said after releasing details of his DNA testing technique at a Sydney conference.

The technology could allow investigators to pick up DNA identities from plastic cards and even build up a complete history of the people who have handled a paper document.

“You’d have to wear a space suit to stop yourself from leaving traces. You can identify cells on the paper, so you can work out where it’s come from and who’s touched it,” he said.

The technique could also be used to trace the thrower of a punch from cells left behind on the skin of their victim. Even the wearing of latex gloves would not help: small cells can pass through the gloves, and the constant flow of genetic material given off by the human body would leave further evidence.

“We gained a skin cell from a document dating back 30 years and managed to gain a DNA fingerprint. DNA evidence can remain fresh for decades, perhaps even centuries,” Dr Findlay said.

“The potential for this technology to solve unsolved crimes is great,” he said.

But Dr Findlay, named scientist of the year in 1998 by the European Society of Human Genetics, said the new testing needed to be scientifically validated, which would take up to five years.

He said, “There are serious consequences taking on technologies too early. The public has to be sure that they have the utmost confidence in the security and court systems.”

1．The main advantage of the new technology is that          .

       A．a single cell can identify an individual

       B．it has brought down the cost of DNA testing

       C．a higher level of accuracy can be acquired with a single cell

       D．it needs less than 200 cells to gain a certain level of accuracy

2．The underlined word “validated” means “       .”

       A．confirmed           B．imagined              C．supposed             D．criticized

3．According to Ian Findlay, the new technology can          .

      A．help to keep DNA evidence fresh for decades and even centuries

       B．make the process of DNA testing much more simplified

       C．help to pick up DNA identities more easily

       D．be widely used in five years at most

4．The last paragraph suggests that         .

       A．the immediate adopting of the technology may cause mistakes

       B．the public have acknowledged the new testing technology

       C．it is safe to put the new technology into use now

       D．Dr Findlay is quite sure of his new technology

5．The aim of the passage is to         .

       A．praise Ian Findlay for his work

       B．report a piece of interesting new

       C．inform us of the wide use of DNA testing

       D．tell us a recent improvement in DNA testing

4、In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes workers’ life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to creat it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of worker’s contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent more money led to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more enjoyable, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

1．Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor leading to greater productivity?

       A．Making jobs more varied.                     B．More money and shorter working hours.

       C．Degrees of work contribution.              D．Modern and complicated machinery.

2．According to the passage, workers want more money because        .

       A．their jobs are very boring                      B．they can enjoy more freedom

       C．it makes their jobs more interesting        D．they want shorter working hours

3．If we succeed in making workers’ job more interesting,          .

       A．they will want more money

       B．they will demand shorter working hours

       C．they will ask for more money and shorter working hours

       D．more money and shorter working hours will not be so concerned

4．In this passage, the author tries to tell us         .

       A．how to make workers more comfortable

       B．possible factors leading to greater productivity

       C．more money leads to greater productivity

       D．how to make workers’ jobs more interesting

5．The author of this passage is probably a        .

       A．teacher                B．worker                C．manager              D．physicist

3、Drug Reactions – A Major Cause of Death

Adverse (不良的) drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

“The incidence (发生率) of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in US hospital was found to be extremely high,” say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.

They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined as ADR as “any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy（治疗）.”

An average of 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers. They estimate that “in 1994, overall 2,216, 000 hospitalized patients had serious ADRs, and 106,000 had fatal ADRs.” This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America.

And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures.

The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $4 billion per year.

Dr. David Bates of Brigham and women’s hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. “When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded, ” Bates notes, “and patients receive drug to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency.” He believes computerized surveillance(监视)systems－still works－in－progress at many of the nation’s hospitals－should help cut down the frequency of these types errors.

1．Researchers at the University of Toronto believe that            .

       A．ADRs have caused medical problems, though they seldom lead to death.

       B．ADRs have very often caused patients to die in Canada.

       C．ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years.

       D．it is easy to prevent ADRs from happening.

2．According to the passage, about 7 out of 100 hospitalized patients in America           .

       A．die of ADRs each year                          B．never experience ADRs each year

       C．suffer from ADRs each year                 D．have fatal ADRs each year

3．Adverse drug reactions might include           .

       A．an allergy to a certain drug                    B．drug abuse

       C．problems in drug administration             D．therapeutic failures

4．The underlined word “conservative” in the 5th paragraph possible means          .

       A．very exact           B．too high               C．underestimated     D．too low

5．According to Dr David Bates, hospitals in America           .

       A．are not paying enough attention to possibilities of ADRs happenings

       B．have never tried to use computers to prevent ADRs from happening

       C．shouldn’t use those drugs which will cause side effects to their patients

       D．should know that many ADRs are not easily preventable

1、根据下面提示，请以lifelong Learning为题，写一篇120—150词的英语短文。

1．你如何看待终身学习？

2．你认为终身学习有哪些方式？

3．你会采取哪种方式？

31、-- “Neal, listen,” she said, looking straight at him. “I ask you not to get_____ in this kind of matter.

-- It’s none of your business”.

A．caught        B．involved          C．attached        D．connected