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One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations(适应能力) was Charles Darwin(达尔文). He was born in England in 1809. He wasn’t the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing(观察) nature more than having medical classes. He dropped out without graduating.
Next, Charles’ father sent him to school to become a minister(牧师). This time he made it to graduation, but he didn’t want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.
Luckily, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist after graduation. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their task was to make maps of the places they visited.
On December 27th, 1831. Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to begin his scientific study.
Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring(后代). Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things.
1.Darwin was very interested in ____________.
A．having medical classes B．the work of a minister
C．sailing around the world D．science and nature
2.The trip on the Beagle lasted ____________ years.
A．five B．four
C．three D．two
3.When Darwin published the scientific paper, he was ____________ years old.
A．twenty B．twenty-three
C．forty-five D．fifty
4.The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ____________.
A．adaptations B．Darwin and Wallace
C．animals D．Darwin’s ideas
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Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on a two-penny stamp has made it worth a million and a half times its face value.
Do you think it impossible? Well, it is true. And this is how it happened.
The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the former British colony (前英国殖民地) of M auritius (毛里求斯岛), a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847 an order for stamps was sent to London. Mauritius was about to become the fourth country in the world to put out stamps.
Before the order was filled and the stamps arrived from England, a big dance was planned by the commander-in-chief (总司令) of all the armed forces on the island. The dance would be held in his house and letters of invitation would be sent to all the important people in Mauritius. Stamps were badly needed to post the letters. Therefore, an islander, who was a good printer, was told to copy the pattern of the stamps. He carelessly put the words “Post Office” instead of “Post Paid”, two words seen on stamps at that time, on the several hundred that he printed.
Today, there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left--- fourteen One-penny Reds and twelve Two-penny Blues. Because there are so few Two-Penny Blues and because of their age, collectors have paid as much as ＄16,800 for one of them.
小题1:When a mistake is made in the printing of the stamp, the stamp___________.
| A．will be thrown away |
| B．increases in value |
| C．is not worth buying |
| D．is worth no more than its face value |
| A．London stamps were not well printed |
| B．London would not print them |
| C．invitations to a big dance had to be posted quickly |
| D．Mauritius had a very good printer |
| A．the same as “Post Office” |
| B．the Post Office is the place to buy stamps |
| C．money has been paid for the stamp |
| D．the letter must be posted |
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Bad teeth，a heavier body．．．and now，weaker bones（骨头）．Recently American scientists have found another bad thing about cola--it's bad for our bones，especially women's bones．
Well，if cola is bad for us，how about energy drinks（功能饮料）? Energy drinks look cool．Their makers say they give you energy and make you better at sports．So，many students drink them before exams to help them stay awake．
But wait．To keep you awake，most energy drinks have a lot of caffeine（咖啡因）．They are like a strong cup of coffee or tea．If you drink a lot of them，Your heart will beat faster．You will feel nervous．You could also have sleeping problems and find it hard to live without them．Amanda Smith is a 16-year-old US junior high school student．She drinks one or more energy drinks every day．She started to do this a year ago before she danced．But now，Smith says，“I drink them whenever I feel weak or before a test．I cannot help drinking them．I find I'm addicted to them．”
The energy you get from the drinks helps for only a short time．You may feel good for an hour or so，but then you'll feel worse than before．
1．The main topic of this passage is ________．
A．how good energy drinks are B．ways to make bones strong
C．how energy drinks are made D．how harmful energy drinks are
2．We can learn from the first paragraph（第一段）that drinking cola ________．
A．helps lose weight B．does harm to teeth and bones
C．keeps people healthy D．helps kids grow tall
3．Why do people drink energy drinks?
A．Because they are said to make people energetic．
B．Because they are not expensive to buy．
C．Because they may make people's hearts stronger．
D．Because they may make people feel weak．
4．Which of the following statements is NOT true about energy drinks?
A．They can keep people awake．
B．They can make people feel good for some time．
C．They won't cause sleeping problems．
D．They are like a strong cup of coffee or tea．
5．What does the underlined word “addicted” mean in Chinese?
A．喜欢的 B．上瘾的 C．感兴趣的 D．紧张的
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Sleep is very important. A person who does not sleep dies faster than a person who does not eat. We spend about a third(
)of our lives in sleep. That’s about 121 days a year!How much sleep do we need? We are all different. A baby needs 16 hours of sleep every day. Children of 6 to 12 years of age need an average(平均)of 10 to 12 hours of sleep. Teenagers need 9 to 10 hours of sleep. An adult needs an average of 7 to 8 hours a day. There are some people who need only 3 hours of sleep; others need 10 hours of sleep. After the age of 50, the average sleep time goes down to 6.5 hours a day. We need less sleep as we get older.
About one in three Americans has a problem with sleep. Many of these people cannot fall asleep. The name for this problem is insomnia. Some people say, “I didn’t sleep all night.” But that’s not really true. They may sleep lightly and wake up several times. In the morning, they only remember the time they were awake, so they think they were awake all night.
This is not a new problem. Many famous people in history had insomnia. Some of these people had special ideas to make themselves sleep. Benjamin Franklin had four beds. He moved from one to the other to fall asleep. Mark Twain had a different way. He lay on his side across the end of the bed!
【小题1】How long do we spend in sleep a year?
| A．Less than three months. | B．More than five months. |
| C．About four months. | D．Less than 2000 hours. |
| A．16 | B．12 | C．9 | D．7 |
| A．No sleep. | B．Fast sleep. | C．Slow sleep. | D．Sleep with many dreams. |
| A．We will die soon if we don’t sleep well. |
| B．The older we get, the less sleep we need. |
| C．We can tell a person’s age from his sleep time. |
| D．Famous people move from one bed to the other to fall asleep. |
| A．Sleep less | B．Go to sleep |
| C．Age and sleep time | D．Famous people and sleep |