Question

One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations(适应能力) was Charles Darwin(达尔文). He was born in England in 1809. He wasn’t the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing(观察) nature more than having medical classes. He dropped out without graduating.

Next, Charles’ father sent him to school to become a minister(牧师). This time he made it to graduation, but he didn’t want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.

Luckily, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist after graduation. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their task was to make maps of the places they visited.

On December 27th, 1831. Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to begin his scientific study.

Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring(后代). Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things.

1.Darwin was very interested in ____________.

A．having medical classes                   B．the work of a minister

C．sailing around the world                  D．science and nature

2.The trip on the Beagle lasted ____________ years.

A．five                                  B．four

C．three                                D．two

3.When Darwin published the scientific paper, he was ____________ years old.

A．twenty                               B．twenty-three

C．forty-five                              D．fifty

4.The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ____________.

A．adaptations                            B．Darwin and Wallace

C．animals                               D．Darwin’s ideas

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.D

2.A

3.D

4.A

【解析】

试题分析：这篇文章讲述了达尔文的生命历程，以及他对科学和自然的热爱使他在50岁的时候，完成了生物适者生存的论文。

1.细节题。根据文章Charles liked spending time outdoors observing(观察) nature more than having medical classes.可知，达尔文对科学和自然感兴趣。故选D

2.细节题。根据文章In fact, it lasted five.可知，《比格尔》的航行了五年。故选A

3.细节题。根据文章可知，1831年他开始随船航行，在航行了5年之后，他花费为了23年的时间也就是1859年完成了一篇科学论文，可知，那时候他已经50岁了。故选D

4.细节题。根据文章Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring(后代).可知，达尔文描述了一些动物是如何适应环境，帮助它们生存下来，那种适应能力传递了后代。所以，they指代的是适应能力。故选A

考点：人物传记类说明文

点评：本文的思路清晰，结构明确。首先对文章的大致意思进行了解。初三英语阅读多为细节题，考察学生的信息捕捉能力。对于细节题，学生在理解全文的基础上要对题目中关键字在文章中迅速定位，找到相对应的出处，答题比较备选答案的区别及和文章信息最相关的是哪个，即那个就为正确答案。