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PITTSBURGH – For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.
The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.
Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.
The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操纵杆). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.
Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm orsmaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.
Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.
“It just allows us to do something we’ve not been able to do before,” Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.”
He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged buildings.
Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.
Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.
72. Which institution is responsible for the development of Choset’s robots?
A. Robotics Trends. B. Pittsburgh City Council.
C. Carnegie Mellon University. D. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
73. Choset believes that his invention ______.
A. can be attached to an electronic arm B. can be used by hobbyists in model airplanes
C. can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dog
D. can sense its way no better than its operators
74. By saying “We needed them yesterday” (paragraph 7), Stover means that snake-like robots _____.
A. could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
B. would have been put to use in past rescue work
C. helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterday
D. were in greater need yesterday than today
75. What is the text mainly about?
A. Snake-like robots used in industries. B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.
C. The development of snake-like robots. D. The working principles of snake-like robots.
查看习题详情和答案>>Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the children. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation(模仿) leads on to deliberate(有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need to get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at seven months, of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaning-less sound simply because he also uses it at another time for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
1. Before children start speaking _______.
A. they need equal amount of listening
B. they need different amounts of listening
C. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obey spoken instructions
D. they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions
2. Children who start speaking late _______.
A. may have problems with their listening
B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C. usually pay close attention to what they hear
D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly
3. A baby’s first noises are _______.
A. an expression of his moods and feelings
B. an early form of language
C. a sign that he means to tell you something
D. an imitation of the speech of adults
4. The problem of deciding at what point a baby’ imitations can be considered as speech _______.
A. is important because words have different meanings for different people
B. is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
C. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
D. is one that should be completely ignored(忽略) because children’s use of words is of-ten meaningless
5. The speaker implies _______.
A. parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds
B. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak
C. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly
查看习题详情和答案>>A passenger told an air hostess that he needed a cup of water to take his medicine when the plane just took off．She told him that she would bring him the water in ten minutes．
Thirty minutes later, when the passenger's ring for service sounded, the air hostess flew in a flurry．She was kept so busy that she forgot to deliver him the water．As a result, the passenger was held up to take his medicine．She hurried over to him with a cup of water, but he refused it．
In the following hours on the flight, each time the stewardess passed by the passenger she would ask him with a smile whether he needed help or not. But the passenger never paid any attention to her.
When he was going to get off the plane, the passenger asked the air hostess to hand him the passengers’ booklet (意见簿). She was very sad. She knew that he would write down sharp words, which might result in the loss of her job. But with a smile she handed it to him.
Off the plane, she opened the booklet, and cracked a smile, for the passenger put it, “On the flight, you asked me whether I need help or not for twelve times in all. How can I refuse your sincere smiles?”
That’s right! Who can refuse your twelve sincere smiles from a person?
What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．The air hostess forgot the passenger’s need on purpose.
B．The air hostess suddenly realized that trouble was coming.
C．The passenger wasn’t angry at being ignored.
D．The passenger was refused to be served.
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．The passenger refused to take his medicine.
B．The passenger set down his anger in the booklet.
C．The words in the booklet would never affect the air hostess.
D．The hostess finally moved the passenger with her smile.
What kind of person do you think the passenger is?
A．Forgiving. B．Curious. C．Sharp. D．Enthusiastic.
As a result, the air hostess would .
A．get fired by her company B．be hired by the passenger
C．keep her job D．get a promotion
查看习题详情和答案>>完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Carolyn Stradley is the founder of C&S Paving Ine.(铺路公司)in Atlanta,USA.In the following account,she recalls the job that challenged her 36 and skill but left her flying high.
“When the Atlanta Airport was under 37 in 1979,we were a new company struggling to make it.National Car Rental wanted to have 2500 square meters of dirt paved 38 the cars could be on site 39 the airport opened,and the official opening was only ten days away! 40 other local paving company wanted to do the job, 41 it couldn’t be done in such a short time.”
“Because we were new and really needed the work,we were 42 to try harder.We gave National Car Rental our offer and 43 our best effort to get the job finished within ten days.We also 44 them that if we failed,they would be no worse off, 45 they had plenty to gain if we succeeded.”
“We got the job and immediately went into 46 .Working at night needed lights,so I rented a machine to produce electricity for the site.Our 47 challenge was to keep the rock mixture 48 enough.All the available water wagons(洒水车)were rented out for the airport construction,and we certainly couldn’t afford to buy a new one. 49 ,I got a special 50 to rent fire engine hoses(消防水龙带)and connect them to nearby hydrants(消防);then I 51 held one of those hoses to 52 down the rock.”
“Those ten days were filled with challenges that 53 one creative idea after another.Nine days later,the night before the airport opened,National Car Rental was the 54 company that had cars on the parking lot.”
“The key to our success was having the 55 to take on any job and then being creative in our approach to getting it done.”
36.A.kindness B.patience C.imagination D.experience
37.A.construction B.repair C.control D.development
38.A.after B.as C.for D.so
39.A.while B.since C.where D.when
40.A.Some B.Any C.No D.Every
41.A.stating B.reporting C.telling D.warning
42.A.able B.nervous C.afraid D.willing
43.A.supported B.promised C.continued D.improved
44.A.asked B.surprised C.reminded D.demanded
45.A.though B.but C.as D.unless
46.A.discussion B.action C.practice D.production
47.A.next B.first C.past D.previous
48.A.cold B.wet C.loose D.clean
49.A.Naturally B.Obviously C.Meanwhile D.Instead
50.A.excuse B.order C.permit D.reason
51.A.exactly B.personally C.angrily D.hardly
52.A.pull B.knock C.hit D.water
53.A.required B.mixed C.followed D.formed
54.A.best B.last C.second D.only
55.A.courage B.interest C.hope D.chance
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