PITTSBURGH – For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives. The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor h 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

PITTSBURGH – For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.

The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.

Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.

The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操纵杆). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.

Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm orsmaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.

Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.

“It just allows us to do something we’ve not been able to do before,” Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.”

He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged buildings.

Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.

Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.

72. Which institution is responsible for the development of Choset’s robots?

A. Robotics Trends. B. Pittsburgh City Council.

C. Carnegie Mellon University. D. Federal Emergency Management Agency.

73. Choset believes that his invention ______.

A. can be attached to an electronic arm B. can be used by hobbyists in model airplanes

C. can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dog

D. can sense its way no better than its operators

74. By saying “We needed them yesterday” (paragraph 7), Stover means that snake-like robots _____.

A. could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

B. would have been put to use in past rescue work

C. helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterday

D. were in greater need yesterday than today

75. What is the text mainly about?

A. Snake-like robots used in industries. B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.

C. The development of snake-like robots. D. The working principles of snake-like robots.

72---75 CDBB

解析:

72．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从文中可看出，Choset是Carnegie Mellon University的教授，而且第四段出现了把Choset’s robots称作“The Carnegie Mellon machines”，由此可知，C正确。

73．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从第五段“They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.”可知，robots跟他的操作员辨别道路一样的水平，因此选D。

74．解析：这是一道推理题。这句话后面的段落讲到Stover对sniffer dogs只能在工人到达被毁坏的建筑物时才能有效使用感到遗憾，并且认为“snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.”（倒数第二段）。因此，他讲这句话的意思是“蛇形机器人应该用在过去的拯救工作中”，选B。

75.解析：这是一道主旨题。文中讲到Choset研究snake-like robots是因为“he hopes will eventually slide through fallen building in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.”可知，Choset研究的蛇形机器人的目的是为了在自然灾害或其他紧急事故的营救中起作用。因此选B。

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Holding a cell phone against your ear or stalling it in your pocket may be hazardous to your health．

This paraphrases a warning that cell phone; manufacturers include in the small print that is often tossed aside when a new phone is purchased．Apple, for example, doesn't want iP hones to come closer to you than 1．5 centimeters; Research In Motion, Blackberry's manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters．

If health issues arise from cell phone use, the implications are huge．Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2．26 trillion minutes annually - generate $109 billion for the wireless carriers．

Devra Davis, an epidemiologist who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, "Disconnect." The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled.

　　Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population.

　　"Most cancers have multiple causes," she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.

　　Children are more vulnerable to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid. No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says.

　　Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiofrequency radiation had damaged DNA in their brains.

　　Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone's speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen.

We can infer from the passage that________．

A．Cell phone may do harm to our health if we hold it against our ear or store in our pocket

B．Devra Davis thinks that there are many factors contributing to cancer．

C．The increase in brain cancer in the young adults may have something to do with cell phone

D．Children are more likely to be affected by radiation

According to the passage, how could children avoid being hurt by cell phone radiation?

A．They can keep cell phones away from the abdomen．

B．They can send short massage instead of making phone calls directly．

C．They can pay more attention to the small print on the phone．

D．They should use more advanced cell phones．

From this passage we can learn that．________．

A．American cell phone manufacturers did not give any warning to their customers

B．American cell phone manufacturers benefit greatly from their products

C．Scientists have found the connection between brain cancer and ceil phone

D．Cell phone should be banned because of the increase in brain cancer

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A．Advanced technology． B．Entertainment．

C．Science and life． D．Celebrity．

Andrew Carneigie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted partly from his ability to sell the product and partly from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments. Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. “He who dies rich, dies disgraced”, he often said. Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthropic(慈善的) gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts. Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie’s generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.
【小题1】The author quoted(引述) “he who dies rich, dies disgraced” in the passage to show______.

A．He felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society.

B．He opposed charity.

C．The wealthy die from their fortunes

D．The wealthy die from not contributing to society.

【小题2】Carnegie’s success includes following aspects EXCEPT_____.

A．his policy of expanding.

B．his ability to sell the product

C．his ability to produce the product

D．his hard work

【小题3】Which of the following may NOT be philanthropic gifts to society according to the passage?____

A．the Carnegie Institute of Washington.

B．the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh.

C．the steel industry.

D．the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

【小题4】What is the meaning of “Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie’s generosity.” in the passage?________

A．Few Americans have touched Andrew Carnegie’s generosity.

B．Many Americans have touched Andrew Carnegie’s generosity.

C．we all enjoy

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D．Many Americans were given Andrew Carnegie’s generosity.

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If health issues arise from cell phone use, the possible effects are huge. Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2.26 trillion(万亿)minutes annually - earn $109 billion for the wireless carriers.
Devra Davis, an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, “Disconnect.” The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled.
Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population.
“Most cancers have multiple causes,” she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.
Children are more vulnerable（易受伤的）to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid（易吸收的液体）. No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says.
Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains.
Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone’s speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen（腹部）.
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A．among children	B．among old people
C．in the twenties	D．among pregnant women

【小题2】Why do children easily be affected by radiation?

A．Because they haven’t grown up.

B．Because they are too young to protect themselves.

C．Because they use cell phones more often than adults.

D．Because their skulls are thinner and their brains are easily hurt.

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A．Pregnant women should keep cell phones away.

B．People should use cell phones in the correct way.

C．If you are a child, you’d better text than make phone calls.

D．When you use a cell phone, use a wired headset or the phone’s speaker.

【小题4】What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Be careful when using cell phones.

B．Don’t hold your cell phone against your ear.

C．Rats exposed to radiation have damaged DNA in their brains.

D．Low-energy radiation could damage cells that could lead to cancer.

B
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