1. 称呼方式取决于与写信人的关系。如：Dear Madam,　 Dear Sir,　 Dear Mr. Smith 等。

8. 方式状语从句

　 　than, as…as, so…as

　　 状语从句中，有些结构需要用部分倒装句式：

　　 Hardly(scarcely) had +主语+过去分词 + when +主语+过去式

　　 No sooner had +主语+过去分词 + than +主语+过去式

　　 Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

　　 表语+as(though)+主谓结构…　 Child as he was, he had to help support his family.

　　 Not until…+助动词(情态动词)+主语+动词形式…

　　 Not until midnight did it stop raining.

　　 Not until she took off her dark glasses did I recognize her.

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7. 让步状语从句

　 　although, though, as ,even if ,even though, however, whatever, whoever, whichever,　

　　 whenever, wherever

　　 常用结构：no matter when(where, who, what, which, how)

　　 We wouldn’t lose heart even if we should fail ten times.

　　 Whoever breaks the law , he will be punished.

6. 条件状语从句

　　 if, unless, so(as) long as, on condition that, if only(=if); once

　　 常用结构：the +比较级…，the+比较级…

　　 Unless you work hard, you’ll fail.

　　 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

　　 You can go out on condition that you promise to be back before 10.

5. 结果状语从句

　　 so… that; such…that

　　 My mother lives so far away that I hardly ever see her.　

4. 目的状语从句

　 　so that; in order that; in case(以防，以免)

　　 I got up early this morning so that I could catch the first bus.

　　 I have to stay at home all day in case there is news of my son.

3.地点状语从句

　 　where, wherever

　 　Make marks where you have any questions.

2.原因状语从句

because, since, as, now that(=since)

Since you don’t understand, I’ll explain it again.

Now that we are alone, we can speak freely.

　　 在句中担当状语的从句叫状语从句，可修饰谓语、形容词、副词，或整个句子。用它可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、行为方式、比较关系、让步等。

常用的状语从句连接词：

1. 时间状语从句

when, whenever(=every time ), as, while, after, before, till, until, since, ever since, once, every time

常用的结构有：as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly (scarcely) …when…,by the time, the moment.

As spring comes, all flowers begin to bloom.

While I was walking along the street, I saw a man knocked down by a truck.

3. As we say, the day must come when the young are grown and flown.

正如我们所说的，年轻人“长大飞走”的一天必然会到来的。

　　 (1)As all his friends agree, he was unusually warn-hearted, loving and generous.

　　 (2)As everybody knows, they will graduate from middle school in half a year.

　　 (3)The days will never be forgotten when people suffered under the rule of the Japanese.　

　　 (4)A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you geography.