IV．宾语从句

宾语从句在句中充当主句的宾语，要注意以下几点：

1)He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.

(第一个that可以省去，但第二个that不能省)

2)Your composition is quite good except that there are some spelling mistakes.

(that很少在介词后面引导宾语从句，只在except, but ，besides和in之后才用)

3)We are talking about whether you should do it.

(介词之后的宾语从句要用whether,不用If)

4)I don’t care whether you like him or not.

(从句中有or not时，只用whether,不用if)

5)He said he would visit you .

(时态呼应)

6)I don’t think you are right.

(否定前移，当主句的主语是we/I 时)

V．同位语从句

在句中作某一名词的同位语。一般位于该名词(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise, doubt, order等抽象名词)之后，说明其具体内容。

1)Here comes the news that some foreign friends will come to our school.

(that 不充当成分，只起连接作用，不可省略。)

2)I have no idea when she will come back.

(when she will come back作名词idea 的同位语)

　　 练习：

III．表语从句

在复合句中作主句的表语，位于主句系动词之后。

1)The question was who could help us.

2)That is why I like this city.

3)My idea is that we can visit her every other day.

II．主语从句

在复合句中作主语。如：

1)Who will go is not decided.

(who will go 是主语从句，其中who 在从句中充当主语)

2)What we need is your help.

(what we need 是主语从句，其中what 在从句中充当宾语)

3)That he is very clever is true.

(that he is clever是主语从句，其中that 在从句中不充当成分。)

4)Whether he will go or not has not been decided.

(主语从句中表示是否时只能用whether,不能用if)

5)It is quite clear why he did it.

(常用it作形式主语，把从句后移)

　　 名词性从句

I．引导名词性从句的连接词

1)连接代词： who , whose, whom, what, which

2)连接副词： when, where, 　why, how

3)连接词： that, whether, if ，as if

连接代词和连接副词在句中不再是疑问词，因而从句要用陈述语序。连接代词和副词在句中充当句子成分，连接词that whether, if, as if 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。

本单元复习总结猜测和相信(conjecture and belief)的句型及结构。

I guess that…

I believe that …

She/He /They must have done…

It seems that…

It looks as if…

例句：

I guess that you are right. 我想你是对的。

I fell as if it is going to rain. 我感觉好像要下雨。

It seems all right. 看来没问题。

It seems that you are lying.看来你在撒谎。

I think they must have been left early.我想他们一定很早就走了。

Dialogue(对话)

(1)A：John’s very late. Do you think he’s coming?

B：Well, it doesn’t seem like it. He must have forgotten.

A：I believe you are right.　 He can’t have remembered.

(2)A：I can’t open the door.

B：It must be locked.

(3)A：what was that noise?

B：It was the pilot putting the wheels down. We must be coming in to land. Are you frightened?

A：Frightened? You must be joking

4．The book seems to be more of a dictionary than a grammar .

这本书看来与其说是 一本语法书，到不如说是一本词典。

3．The beauty of the West Lake is more than I can describe.

西湖的美丽是无法描述的。

2．There were not more than 100 people attending the meeting

出席会议的人不多于100。

与此形式相近的有

no more than= as more as 不亚于(形容多)

not less than 不少于

no bigger than= as small as 仅有……大

not bigger than 不大于

more than 有些特殊的含义，有时可译为“非常，无以名状”有时也译为“与其……不如……”

　 [重点词语讲解]

clear adj. 　1)A clear view 一览无遗

　　　　 　　2)as clear as day显而易见的

　　　　 　　3)make oneself clear 表达清楚　

　　　　 　　4)a clear day　 晴朗的一天

　　　　 　　5)as clear as mud 很不清楚的

adv.　 keep clear of sb/sth　 避免见到某人或涉及某物

v. 1) clear away 移走

2)clear sth. off 付清债务

3)clear up 天气转晴；痊愈

4) clear sth. up 使整洁；清除疑团，(解决困难；解除误会)

5)clear sth with sb.经过某权威人士批准

　 [重点词语辨析]

No more than /not more than; no less than/ not less than

No more than 的意思是“只不过，仅仅”用来说明数量少

Not more than 意思是“不多于”，是一般的否定，用来客观的说明数字。如：

1．He has no more than ten dollars in his pocket.

他的口袋里不过仅仅有十美元。

10．_____ from heart trouble for years, professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.(SH2001)

A. Suffered　 B. Suffering　 C. Having suffered　 D. Being suffered