45. What would be the best title for the passage?

   A. Don’t be silly any more, women!

   B. Which are better dietary habits?

   C. Boyfriends make you fat

   D. Dr. Amelia Lake and his study

B

There are many thoughts on the origins of civilization. One of the major factors involved was the increase in population. The development of techniques, primarily irrigation and flood control, which permitted agriculture in special areas such as the flood plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, made possible the support of large population. Once populations reach a certain number, the older pattern of social organization breaks down and new ones develop. Specifically the older system, whereby each individual participated in food production and maintained a similar standard of living and whereby kinship(家属关系) served as the basic method of social organization, was replaced by the occupational division of labor, political and religious hierarchies(等级制度), public works such as road and public building construction, class systems, codes of law, markets, new forms of warfare, and urban centres. Allied with these important sociological traits are material traits, such as monumental architecture and the development of science and, in many cases, metallurgy(冶金学) and writing sustems.

The earliest civilization, Sumer, developed in the Middle East. This was the Bronze Age of the Old World, during which people first developed the art of metallurgy, civilization also arose in other parts of the Old World, first in Eygpt, China, and India, and later in Europe and Africa. At this time, civilization also developed independently in the New World, in the Mexican area and in Peru and its adjacent(邻近的) areas.

In the Old World the Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age, which saw the rise and fall of great empires and the shift of power from the Middle East to Greece and Rome and then to Western Europe. In the 1700s the Industrial Age began, leading directly to the modern civilization of today.

 0  310305  310313  310319  310323  310329  310331  310335  310341  310343  310349  310355  310359  310361  310365  310371  310373  310379  310383  310385  310389  310391  310395  310397  310399  310400  310401  310403  310404  310405  310407  310409  310413  310415  310419  310421  310425  310431  310433  310439  310443  310445  310449  310455  310461  310463  310469  310473  310475  310481  310485  310491  310499  447348 

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网