E

Early in this century, a horse named Hans amazed the people of Berlin by his extraordinary ability to perform rapid calculations in mathematics. After a problem was written on a blackboard placed in front of him, he quickly counted out the answer by tapping the low numbers with his right forefoot and multiples of ten (十位数) with his left. Trickery was ruled out because Han’s owner, unlike other owners of other performing animals, did not profit financially and Hans even performed whether or not the owner was present. The psychologist O. Pfungst witnessed one of these performances and became convinced that there had to be a more Logical explanation than the unusual intelligence of a horse.

Because Hans performed only in the presence of an audience that could see the blackboard and therefore knew the correct answer, Pfungst reasoned that the secret lay in observation of the audience rather than the horse. He finally discovered that as soon as the problem was written on the blackboard, the audience bent forward very slightly in anticipation(预期，预料) to watch Hans’s forefeet. As slight as that movement was, Hans noticed it and took it as his signal to begin tapping. As his taps approached the correct number, the audience became stressed with excitement and made small movements of the head which signaled Hans to stop counting. The audience, simply by expecting Hans to stop when the correct number was reached, had actually told the animal when to stop. Pfungst clearly pointed out that Hans’s intelligence was nothing but a mechanical response to his audience, which communicated the answer by its body language.

73. Why was Hans’s performance considered amazing by his audience?

A.　　 Horses usually can’t do math problems.

B.　　　 Hans was faster than the average horse.

C.　　　 Hans’s owner didn’t make a profit.

D.　　 Hans obviously enjoyed his unusual work.

74. Which of the following statements is the most important about what Pfungst concluded regarding Hans’s performance?

A.　　 The performance had to be in front of an audience.

B.　　　 The audience already knew the correct answer.

C.　　　 Hans’s response was just mechanical.

D.　　 Body language can communicate expectations.

75. Why does the author use the words logical and reasoned in connection with psychologist Pfungst?

A.　　 To make him seem more intelligent than the audience.

B.　　　 To stress the scientific validity(正确性，有效) of the discovery.

C.　　　 Because they contrast with body language.

D.　　 Because they are the basis of spoken language.

D

Today, at 28, the young German violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter is at the top. “She gives sunshine to the music,” wrote Geoffrey Norris in The Daily Telegraph, London. Mutter was also one of the world’s youngest professors.

Born in Rheinfelden on June 29,1963, Anne-Sophie grew up in Wehr, a small town just five kilometers from the Swiss border. Her father, Karl Wilhelm Mutter, and her mother, Gerlinde, considered music lessons part of a good education. Thus, their first son, Andreas, began practicing the violin at eight, and his younger brother, Christoph, had piano lessons. It came as no surprise when Anne-Sophie said she wanted a violin for her fifth birthday.

Her parents thought she was too young for the violin, and persuaded her to start on the piano.

But Anne-Sophie has always had a mind of her own. “I longed to play the violin,” she says. “It seemed to me a much more interesting instrument.” After six months, her parents gave in.

The famous violin teacher Erna Honigberger, who lived nearby, became her tutor. After only nine months of lessons, she entered the six-year-old in a nationwide competition for young musicians. With Christoph accompanying her on the piano, Anne-Sophie won the first prize.　

In 1974, Erna Honigberger died. Annie-Sophie’s new teacher was Aida Stucki. She taught Anne-Sophie to develop her own ideas on how a piece should be played, not just to imitate others. This is one of the violinist’s strongest, most valuable characteristics today.

Though the Mutters were short of money at times, they limited their daughter’s performances to one or two a year. “We are glad we went the family road,” says her father. “No outsider can ever have an effect on our daughter’s career or push her into playing more concerts than she wants to.” Later she was allowed to give six to eight concerts a year and make some recordings. Only when she turned 18 did she begin her professional career.

68. Anne-Sophie’s career dates back to ___________.

　 A. the late 1960s　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 B. her family education

　 C. the late 1970s　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 D. her fifth birthday

69. Anne-Sophie’s concerts are ___________.

　 A. limited to one or two a year　　　　　 　 B. accompanied at the piano by Christoph

　 C. highly praised throughout the world　　 　 D. appreciated by professors in London

70 Which sentence shows Anne-Sophie’s strong point as a violinist?

A.　　 She wanted a violin for her fifth birthday.

B.　　　 She has always had a mind of her own.

C.　　　 She has two famous violin teachers.

D.　　 Violin seemed to her a much more interesting instrument.

71. The virtue the Mutters have is that they believe ___________.

A.　　 children should learn some kind of music　　　　　

B.　　　 money seemed not to be everything

C.　　　 Anne-Sophie was too young to give concerts

　 D　 parents have a great effect upon their children

72. Which of the following is right?

A.　　 Mutter’s family had an effect on her.

B.　　　 Anne-Sophie’s concerts are limited to one or two a year.

C.　　　 Anne-Sophie liked to imitate others.

D.　　 Anne-Sophie liked all the instruments.

C

Public health officials say they have proved the relation between weather condition, known as El Nino, and malaria(疟疾)。

New research shows that malaria cases increase sharply in a South American country a year after an El Nino event. However, scientists are not sure why this happens.

El Nino usually happens every four to seven years. It is caused by a warming of the surface of waters in the Pacific Ocean. El Nino develops when winds near the west coast of South America become weak. This permits a large mass of warm water from nearby Australia to move east, along the equator(赤道) toward the coast of South America. As the water moves storms develop, normal winds and ocean waters change their directions, which can cause very bad weather around the world.

Scientists have connected El Nino with diseases, such as malaria. The lack of rain caused El Nino in some areas of the world results in poor harvest. Since the lack of food makes people weak in health, scientists believe that hungry people may be unable to fight malaria and other diseases. However, public health experts do not understand why malaria cases increase in that South American country a year after an El Nino although people there are not starving. Manuel Bonner, a public health expert in London, says the research did not show dry El Nino weather is connected with malaria. One likely cause, he says, is the quick increase of mosquitos’ populations in rainy seasons after an El Nino period. He says because malaria cases become fewer in dry El Nino years people may have less ability to fight the disease.

65. Which of the following is the main cause of El Nino?

A.　　 Storms which develop in the Atlantic.

B.　　　 Less strong winds near the west coast of South America.

C.　　　 Lack of the rain in many parts of the world.

D.　　 Surface waters warm up in the Pacific Ocean.

66. Malaria cases increase after an El Nino probably because ___________.

A.　　 mosquitoes grow larger in number in rainy season

B.　　　 there are more mosquitoes and people’s resistance to malaria is weak

C.　　　 the medical service is becoming poorer

D.　　 people in hunger are not as strong as before

67. What would be the best title for the text?

　 A. No El Nino, No Malaria　　　　　　 B. From El Nino to Malaria

　 C. El Nino and Malaria　　　　　　　　 D. El Nino with Malaria

B

Hiring a self-drive car really adds to the enjoyment of your holiday. There are so many interesting places to visit and if you enjoy seeing more than just the city center there is no better way to travel than by car.

Hire Charges

What’s included:

a.　　　 Unlimited distance to be traveled.

b.　　　 Expenses on petrol, maintenance and repairs, which will be paid back to the driver on production of receipts.

c.　　　 Full insurance (保险) cover but excluding personal accidents (see below)

What’s not included:

a.　　　 Personal accident insurance.

b.　　　 Garaging, parking and traffic fines.

Conditions of Hire

1.The shortest rental period at the special low price is three days. For prices for one or two days only see our representative at the hotel.

2.Car hire must be booked six weeks or more before arrival in New York to be sure of hiring a car. But if you have been unable to make a booking ahead of time, please see our representative at the hotel who may still be able to help you.

3.The cars described on the sheet are examples of type of cars available in each price range.

If you decide to hire a car, just fill in the booking form and return it to us. A booking fee of

$12 as part of the car hire cost is required.

　　 If you should be forced to give up your car hire booking after paying in full (two weeks before date of hire), then a cancellation charge of $12 will be made.

61. What costs is a car hirer responsible for?

A.　　 Insurance against damage to the car.

B.　　　 Insurance against injury to the driver.

C.　　　 The cost of maintenance of the car.

D.　　 The cost of repairs to the car.

62. The rates for car hire are especially cheap when ___________.

A.　　 two days are booked　　　　　　　 　 B. three days are booked

C.　　　 the booking is made in London　　 　　 D. the booking was made six weeks ago

63. The cost of petrol ___________.

A. has to be paid by the driver　　　　　 　 B. should be charged to the company

C. is covered by the insurance payment　 　 D. can be returned by the driver

64. If car hirers change their minds just before the hire date, the $12 booking fee is ___________.

A. returned in part immediately　　　　 　 B. not required

C. not returned at all　　　　　　　　　 　 D. returned in full within six weeks

A

In the United States the most popular form of folk dancing since earliest days has been square-dancing. In those days, men and women worked in groups to build a house or harvest crops. When the work was done, they usually danced merrily and happily in a store or in a farm kitchen.

A square is formed by four couples who stand facing the center of the square. Each couple stands on one side of the square, the boy on the left and the girl on the right.

Large or small numbers of people can dance at one time. Sometimes 800 or 1,000 people may be dancing at the same time. Or there may be only one square of eight people.

Costumes are worn by those who square-dance. This makes the dancing more colourful to watch. Women often wear full skirts of various colors with a pretty blouse. Men may have coloured shirts and western trousers, which they wear only when square-dancing. In some country areas, everyone wears his best clothes.

Today in all parts of the United States you will find some schools, clubs, or other groups that are square dancing for fun.

56. In the early times people danced ___________.

A.　　 before they did something important

B.　　　 when they were getting in the crops

C.　　　 after they finished their work

D.　　 when they were building a house

57. If 1,000 people dance at the same time, how many squares can be formed?

　 A. Only one big square.　　　　　　　 　　 B. 250 squares at the most.

　 C. Almost 100 squares.　　　　　　　 　　　 D. As many as 125 squares.

58. In this passage the word “costumes” means ___________.

A.　　 special clothes people wear on some occasion

B.　　　 clothes people wear when working

C.　　　 something worn on the finger

D.　　 something valuable like jewels

59. Which of the following pictures is right form of a square-dancing?

60. Square-dancing originated from ___________.

　 A. the cities　　 B. the factories　　 C. the schools　　 D. the countryside

　 It was the district sports meet. My foot still hadn’t healed (痊愈) from a(n) 　36 　injury. I had 　37 　whether or not I should attend the meet. But there I was, 　38 　for the 3,000-metre run.

　 “Ready…set…” The gun popped and we were off. The other girls rushed 　39 　me. I felt 　40 　as I fell farther and farther behind.

　 “Hooray!” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest 　41 　I had ever heard at a meet. The first-place runner was two laps(圈) ahead of me when she crossed the finish line.

　 “Maybe I should 　42 ,” I thought as I moved on. 　43 , I decided to keep going. During the last two laps, I ran 　44 　and decided not to 　45 　in track next year. It wouldn’t be worth it, 　46 　my foot did heal.

　 When I finished, I heard a cheer--- 　47 　than the one I’d heard earlier. I turned around and 　48 , the boys were preparing for their race. “They must be cheering for the boys.”

　 I was leaving 　49 　several girls came up to me. “Wow, you’ve got courage!” one of them told me.

　 “Courage? I just 　50 　a race!” I thought.

　 “I would have given up on the first lap,” said another girl. “We were cheering for you. Did you hear us?”

　 Suddenly I regained 　51 . I decided to 　52 　track next year. I realized strength and courage aren’t always 　53 　in medals and victories, but in the 　54 　we overcome(战胜). The strongest people are not always the people who win, 　55 　the people who don’t give up when they lose.

36. A. slighter　　　　　　　 B. worse　　　　　　　　　　　 C. earlier　　　　　　　　　　　 D. heavier

37. A. expected　　　　　　 B. supposed　　　　　　　　　 C. imagined　　　　　　　　　 D. doubted

38. A. late　　　　　　　　　　 B. eager　　　　　　　　　　　 C. ready　　　　　　　　　　　 D. thirsty

39. A. from behind　　　　 B. ahead of　　　　　　　　　 C. next to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. close to

40. A. ashamed　　　　　　 B. astonished　　　　　　　　 C. excited　　　　　　　　　　 D. frightened

41. A. cheer　　　　　　　　　 B. shout　　　　　　　　　　　 C. cry　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. noise

42. A. slow down　　　　　 B. drop out　　　　　　　　　 C. go on　　　　　　　　　　　 D. speed up

43. A. Therefore　　　　　　 B. Otherwise　　　　　　　　 C. Besides　　　　　　　　　　 D. However

44. A. with delight　　　　 B. with fear　　　　　　　　　 C. in pain　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. in advance

45. A. play　　　　　　　　　 B. arrive　　　　　　　　　　　 C. race　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. attend

46. A. even if 　　　　　　　　　　 B. only if　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. unless　　　　　　　　　　　 D. until

47. A. weaker　　　　　　　 B. longer　　　　　　　　　　　 C. lower　　　　　　　　　　　 D. louder

48. A. well enough　　　　 B. sure enough　　　 　　 C. surprisingly enough　 D. strangely enough

49. A. while　　　　　　　　　 B. when　　　　　　　　　　　 C. as　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. since

50. A. finished　　　　　　　　　　 B. won　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. passed　　　　　　　　　　　 D. lost

51. A. cheer　　　　　　　　　 B. hope　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. interest　　　　　　　　　　 D. experience

52. A. hold on　　　　　　　 B. turn to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. begin with　　　　　　　　 D. stick with

53. A. measured　　　　　　 B. praised　　　　　　　　　　 C. tested　　　　　　　　　　　 D. increased

54. A. sadness　　　　　　　 B. struggles　　　　　　　　　 C. diseases　　　　　　　　　　 D. tiredness

55. A. or　　　　　　　　　　　 B. nor　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. and　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. but

35. The houses______ are for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.

A. built　　　　　　　 B. to be built　　　　　 C. to build　　　　　 D. being built

34. Only in this way ______ progress in your study.

　　 A. can make　　　　　 B. will make　　　　　 C. can you make　　　 D. you can make

33. ---Do you mind if I keep pets in the building?

　 ---_______.

　　 A. I’d rather you didn’t　　　　　　　　　　 B. Of course not. It’s not allowed here.

　　 C. Great! I love pets.　　　　　　　　　　　 D. No, you can’t.

32. ______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.

　　 A. If it is not　　　　　 B. Where it not　　　 C. Had it not been　 D. If they were not