67.The
passage mainly discusses .
A.the experiments on the common
cold
B.the fallacy about the common cold
C.the reason and the way people catch colds
D.the continued spread of common colds
D
Is
language,like food,a basic
human need?Judging from the result of the violent
experiment by a German king.Frederick Ⅱ,in
the 13th century,it may be.Hoping
to discover what language a child would speak if the heard no mother tongue,he told the nurses to keep silent.
All
the babies died before the first year.But clearly
there was more than language deprivation here.What
was missing was good mothering.Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the
capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today
no such violent deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick Ⅱ.Nevertheless,some children are still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother
is insensitive(不敏感)to
the signals of the baby,whose brain is programmed to
map up language rapidly.There are critical times,it
seems,when children learn more readily.If
these sensitive periods are neglected(忽视),the ideal time for gaining language
skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
Linguists(语言学家)suggest that speech stages are
reached in a fixed sequence(顺序)and
at a constant age,but there are cases where speech
has started late in a child who eventually turn out to be of high IQ.
Recent
facts suggest that baby is born with the capacity to speak.What
is special about Man’s brain,compared
with that of the monkeys,is the complex system which
enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a
teddy-bear(玩具熊)with
the sound pattern“teddy-bear”.
But
speech has to be stimulated(刺激),and
this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where
the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling(牙牙学语),grasping,crying
and smiling,and responds to them.Insensitivity(不敏感)of the mother to these signals
dulls(使迟钝)the
interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals in
essential to the growth and development of language.
