46．What do the underlined words “these carriers” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Mosquitoes and flies

B．Rodents

C．The viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens

D．All of the above

45．According to the passage, the report was written by ________.

A．Drew Harvell　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．Richard Ostfeld

C．Drew Harvell and Richard Ostfeld　　 　　　 　 D．A team of ecologists and epidemiologists

44．Where can we probably find this passage? In a __________.

A．Book　　　　　　　　　　　 B．magazine　　　　　　 C．textbook　　　　　　　 D．dictionary

43. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Caring Makes us Human　　　　 B. Prison Culture is Important

C. Animals Need Care　　　　 　　　 D. Everyone Needs to be Cared for

C

Global warming and changing climatic conditions are triggering disease epidemics in wildlife around the world, reports a famous team of ecologists and epidemiologists in the Friday June 21st issue of Science.

"What is most surprising is the fact that climate sensitive outbreaks are happening with so many different types of pathogens(病原体)----viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites----as well as in such a wide range of hosts(寄主)including corals, oysters, terrestrial plants, birds, and humans, " says lead author Drew Harvell of Cornell University.

"This isn't just a question of coral bleaching for a few marine ecologists, nor just a question of malaria for a few health officials---the number of similar increases in disease incidence is astonishing," says coauthor Richard Ostfeld from the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook New York. "We don't want to be alarmists, but we are alarmed."

The team documented examples of viruses, bacteria, and fungi associated with diseases that develop more rapidly with slight rises in temperature. Many vectors of disease such as mosquitoes, flies, and rodents, as well as the viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens are highly temperature and moisture sensitive. As temperature increases, these carriers are likely to spread into new areas and may have potentially devastating effects on wildlife populations that have not been previously exposed. Reproduction, growth, and biting rates of insects all go up with increases of temperature. Winter is the limiting time for many pathogens, killing back populations each year. With milder winters, this population bottleneck may be removed for many species. Warmer, longer summers also mean that the period of time of disease transmission is longer. Warmer summers may increase host susceptibility to disease due to thermal stress, particularly in the oceans. Marine bacteria and fungal growth rates are positively correlated with increasing temperature.

42. We can infer from the third paragraph that

A. showing love to others can make prisoners strong

B. the American prison culture will be improved

C. the author is not content with the prison culture

D. caring for others is encouraged in American prisons

41. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The cat was dirty because it was kept in prison.

B. The officer in the prison enjoyed petting the cat.

C. The prisoners prepared food for both the cat and birds.

D. The author realized the importance of practicing kindness.

40. From the passage, we can learn that the author was

A. an animal protector　　　　 B .the owner of the cat

C. a prison officer　　　　 　　　 D. a prisoner

39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that people will　　　 .

A. spend less money on entertainment　 B. spend more money on the health of the old

C. spend less money eating out　　　　　 　 D. spend more money on books

B

When a dirty and untidy orange cat showed up in the prison yard，I was one of the first to go　 out there and pet it. I hadn’t touched a cat or a dog in over 20 years．I spent at least 20 minutes， knelt down behind the kitchen as the cat rolled around，relaxed．What he was expressing outwardly， I was feeling inwardly．It was an amazing bit of grace to feel him under my hand and note that I was reaching a life or another creature with something as simple as my care.

Over the next few days，there were other prisoners responding to the cat．Every yard period，a group of prisoners gathered there．They stood around talking and taking turns petting the cat. These were guys you wouldn't usually find talking to each other．Several times I saw an officer in the group，not chasing people away，but just watching and seeming to enjoy along with the prisoners. Bowls of milk and water appeared along with bread，wisely placed under the edge of the dustbin to keep the birds from getting it．

The cat was obviously homeless and in pretty bad shape .People said that the cat came to the right place．He’s getting treated like a king．This was true，but as I watched I was also thinking about what the cat was doing for us．There was a lot of talk about what’s wrong with prisons in　 America．We need more programs．We need more psychologists or treatment of various kinds, Some may even talk about making prisons more kind． But I think what we really need is a chance to practice our own kindness, Not receive it, but give it, After more than two decades here, I know kindness is not a value that’s encouraged. It’s often seen as a weakness, Instead, the culture encourages keeping your head down, minding your own business, and never letting yourself be weak.

The cat did my heart good to see the effect he had on me and the men here, by simply saying, “I need some help here”, he did something important for us, He needed us, And we needed to be needed, I believe we all do.

38. On which of the following did people spend less money than before?

A. Shopping.　 B. Reading.　　 C. Traveling.　　　　　　　 D. Family gatherings.

37. What is the immediate cause for people to have more time to enjoy life?

A. The development of the fast food industry.　 B. The improvement of living conditions.

C. The reduction in working time.　　　　　　　　　 　D. The rapid rise in income.