5. What does “It’s never too old to learn.” mean?

                B

     If someone asked you how to drink water, you might think it’s a silly question. Everyone needs water, everyone drinks water every day and most people will drink water when they are thirsty. But drinking water may not be as simple as you thought, especially in the dry winter. There are some tips below.

                    Water-drinking timetable

6:30 - 7:00     

    After a night’s sleep, your body really needs water. Drinking about 250cc of water as soon as you get up helps clean out your liver(肝脏) and kidney(肾). It’s a good idea to hold off having breakfast until the water has entered every cell of your body, so try not to eat for half an hour after drinking the water.

8:00 - 9:00    

     The way to the office in the morning can be stressful, and this dehydrates(使脱水) your body. Drink at least 250cc of water when you get to work to refresh yourself.

11:00        

     After working several hours in a closed office, the heat may dry out your skin. Drink some water to help moisturize(使潮湿) your body and decrease(减少) work stress.

13:00           

    Drinking water after lunch not only helps your digestion(消化) but also helps keep your body in shape.

15:00 - 16:00     

     In the afternoon many people may feel sleepy and cannot concentrate on their work. If this happens, you should drink some water to give yourself a lift(较好的心情).

17:00           

    Before you leave the office, drinking water can make you feel full. It especially works for people on diets.

22:00           

    Drink a cup of water half an hour to an hour before you sleep, which can help prevent blood clots(血块).

True (T) or False (F):

6.其他常见语言错误或弊病

   除以上列举的五类初中生英文写作常见弊病外,其他类型的语言错误或弊病还有很多。下面是一篇学生作文,该作文里面的语言错误或弊病带有很大的代表性,现抄录、评述如下。

  ⑴Today  was  Friday.  ⑵Jim  went  home  by  bus  after  school  was  over.

⑶There  was  many  poeple  on  the  bus.  ⑷But  luckly  he  found  an  empty  seat.  

⑸The  bus  stoped  at  a  stop. ⑹An  old  woman  was  getting  on  the  bus. 

 ⑺she  was  very  old.  ⑻She  couldn't  stand  on  the  bus  easily. 

⑼But  there  was  no  empty  seat.  ⑽At  that  time  Jim  stood  up.  ⑾Jim  asked the old   woman  sit  his  seat.  ⑿The  old  woman  thanked  to  Jim  very  much. 

⒀All  the  poeple  on the  bus  said  Jim  is  a  good  boy. 

⒁I  think  we  must  learn  to  Jim.

   以上这篇考生作文比较典型地反映出了初中生英文写作中还存在这些问题:

  a、时态误用,如⑴句中的was应该是is,⑹句中的was  getting应该是 got,⒀句中的is应该是was;

  b、非谓语动词使用错误,如⑾句中ask后面的非谓语动词前少了不定式标志词to;

  c、动词搭配错误,如⑾句中“坐他的座位”应当是take(have)his  seat;

  d、句子不够简练,如⑺⑻两句可用so…that…结构连接表达效果会更好,⑽⑾两句改成and连接的并列句结构更紧凑等;

  e、介词误用,如⑿句中多了介词to,⒁句中介词to应改为 from;

  f、单词拼写错,如⑶⑷⑸句中的people ,luckily, stopped等词;

  g、主谓不一致,如⑶句中的was应改为were。

  此外,有部分学生的书写很不规范,字迹潦草或涂改较多,这些弊病的存在也在一定程度上影响了通篇文章的整体美感。

   以上列举的初中生英文写作弊病带有一定的普遍性和代表性,对于广大初中英语教师来说,也许在了解了初中生常见的写作弊病类型和产生的原因后,更有助于在英文写作训练中“有的放矢”“对症下药”,从而有效地帮助并促进初中生英文写作能力的提高。

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