2. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.

   我认为十二岁的孩子不应该允许穿耳眼。

   (1)当主句中的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, expect, calculate, be supposed to, appear等时,其否定句一般是否定的从句。例如:

   I don’t think it’s a good idea.

   我认为那不会是一个好主意。

   I didn’t think he was clever.

   我认为他不聪明。

   I don’t suppose that’s true.

   我认为那不是真的。

   I don’t suppose I’ll trouble you again.

   我估计不会再打扰你了。

   I don’t believe he will succeed.

   我相信他不会成功。

   (2)twelve-year-olds指的是twelve-year-old boys / girls.

   (3)get their ears pierced 是“get+名词+过去分词”结构,一般来说此结构有三种含义:

   <1>让某人做某事。例如:

   I can’t get the work done by anybody.

   我找不到人来干这项工作。

   When are you going to get your hair cut?

   你打算什么时候去剪头发?

   <2>自己完成某事(或自己参与完成某事)。例如:

   The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.

   这位农民在雨季来临之前干完了他的种植工作。

   I can’t get the car started.

   我无法把汽车开动起来。

   Did you get the picture finished all right?

   你顺利地完成了那幅画吗?

   <3>遭遇某事。例如:

   He got his wrist broken.

   他折断了手腕。

   He got his nose broken playing football.

   他踢足球时把鼻子碰坏了。

1. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

   中学生应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。

   (1)allow与permit两个词的意思与用法相近。permit比allow更正式,allow在非正式的英语中较为常见。

   <1>这两个词后面都可以跟宾语+动词不定式。例如:

   We do not allow / permit people to smoke in the hall.

   我们不允许人们在大厅里吸烟。

   <2>如果没有人称宾语,就用动名词。例如:

   We do not allow / permit smoking in the hall.

   我们不允许在大厅里吸烟。

   <3>在被动句里,可以用人作主语,也可以用动名词作主语。例如:

   People are not allowed / permitted to smoke in the hall.

   在大厅里不允许人们吸烟。

   Smoking is not allowed / permitted in the hall.

   大厅里不允许吸烟。

   <4>allow在本句子中是用在含有情态动词should的被动句子。

   (2)own作形容词,意思是“自己的,其本身的,特有的”。own的用法如下:

   <1>own只能在所有格词语的后面使用。例如:

   They go to work in their own cars.

   他们开自己的车去上班。

   He did it in his own way.

   他以自己的方法做这件事。

   He’s his own boss.

   他自己能做主张。

   <2>own可以在后面没有名词的情况下使用。例如:

   This bicycle is my own.

   这辆自行车是我自己的。

   May I have it for my very own?

   这件东西只给我一个人好吗?

   <3>of one’s own置于名词之后,意思是“自己的……,特有的……”。例如:

   I want a computer of my own.

   我想要一台自己的电脑。

   We’ve got a house of our own now.

   现在我们有自己的房子了。

   <4>own构成的习惯用语有:

   come in one’s own 本来的价值被承认

   hold one’s own (在竞争中)坚守自己的立场,不屈服

   of one’s own doing 自己做的

   on one’s own 独自,靠自己

   (3)should在本句中是情态动词,意思是“应该……,应当,最好……,理应”,是比must和ought to 更为委婉的说法。例如:

   You should apologize to the old man.

   你应该向那位老人道歉。

   You should not eat too greedily.

   你不应该如此贪吃。

   My teacher said I should study harder.

   老师说我应该学习更努力。

   You should join the English club.

   你应加入英语俱乐部。

2. 被动语态的构成

   (1)请大家看图

   The office is cleaned every day.

   The office was cleaned yesterday.

   Compare active and passive:

   动作的接受者the office成了句子的主语,就应该用被动语态,从上面的例句我们可以总结:

   一般现在时的被动语态为:主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词

   一般过去时的被动语态为:主+was / were+过去分词

   如:Butter is made from milk.

   This house was built 100 years ago.

   以前我们学过的was / were born生于,就是一个被动语态

   born是个过去分词(bear)

   -When were you born? -I was born in 1989.

   如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者,句子后面需接by~,译为“被(由)…”

   如:We were woken up by a loud noise.

   我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。

   (2)请看图:

   从上面例子,我们可以看出现在进行时被动语态的构成为

   主语+is / am / are +being +过去分词

   再如:My car is being repaired now

   Some new houses are being built near the park.

   公园附近在建一些房子。

   (3)请看图

BEFORE      NOW

   从上面例子,我们可以看出现在完成时被动语态的构成为:

   主语+have / has +been+过去分词

   如:

   My key has been stolen.

   My keys have been stolen.

   I am not going to the party, I haven’t been invited.

   含有情态动词的被动语态

   情态动词+be+过去分词

   A note had better be left to him.

   Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes.

   这里我们列举了几个主要时态,那么其它时态呢?

   一般将来时      主语+will+be+过去分词

   过去将来时      主语+would / should + be +过去分词

   过去进行时      主语+was / were +being +过去分词

   过去完成时      主语+had+been+过去分词

   被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。

   归纳:

   肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by~)

   否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by ~)

   一般疑问句:Be +主语+过去分词+(by ~)?

   特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by ~)?

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