8. dare　 1. dare to come　　　 2. dare come

1). He dare not tell the truth. 2). He doesn't dare to come out at night.

3). I don't know whether he ____ try.

A. dare　　　 B. needs　　　　 C. wants　　　　 D. is allowed

7. ought to　　 应该; 应当　　　

1). You oughtn't to smoke too much.

2). She ____ for what she has done.

A. ought to praise　　　　　　　　　B. ought be praised

C. ought to have praised　　　　　　 D. ought to be praised

6. will, would

1). 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。

2). will　 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态;would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。

3). will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、......。

(1). Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you ?

A. do you　　　　　 B. will you　　　　　 C. can you　　　 D. coud you

-Will you come with me ?　 -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.)

(2). -Would you tell us something about yourself ?　 -Yes, I will.

(3). - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.

- _____ .

A. I don't　　　　 B. I won't　　　　　 C. I can't　　　　D. I haven't

5. should　　 应该 ; 应当

1). You should listen to the doctor's advice.

2). You should study the article carefully.

4. shall　

1). 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。

2). 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。

1). - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you　 needn't .

-Shall he turn down the radio a bit?　 -Yes, please.(No, please don't.)

2). You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.

3). Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.

4). Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?

A. does he　　　　B. doesn't he　　　　 C. will he　　　　　D. isn't he

5). It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ____ ?

A. won't we　　　 B. will we　　　　　 C. don't we　　　　　D. shall we

3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须　　　

2). 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to　　 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to

3). -Must I get to the station before three o'clock? 　　 -Yes, you must. ( No, you needn't. )

4). I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.

5). She must be in the classroom now.

6). Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94)

A. mustn't　　　 B. shouldn't　　　 C. can't　　　　　 D. may not

2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做 ; 表示某事有可能发生。 might 是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。

1). -May I take this book out of the reading-room?

-No, you mustn't.　　 ( Yes, you may.)

2). -Might I make a suggestion?　　 -Yes, you may.

1. can , be able to　　 be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。can　 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。

1). The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.　(NMET 97 )

A. had to　　　　 B. would　　　　　 C. could　　　　　 D. was able to 2). She asked if she could keep the book for another two days.

　3). -Will you stay for lunch?　　

-Sorry, __ . My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)

A. I mustn't　　 B. I can't　　　　　 C. I needn't　　　 D. I won't

1　　　　　 情态动词的特点:

1.没有人称和数的变化。2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:

e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might ,　 dare → dared

2　　　　　 情态动词的否定式: 情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't

3　　　　　 情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一。

8.by与表示交通工具的单词连用，　相当于汉语的 "坐""乘" 等意思，　如：

Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火车去工作? 你们打算乘飞机还是坐火车去旅行？

但是不能说这些介词就等于这些动词，　更不能用它们充当谓语动词。