152．西南区通常是指__________、____________、__________、_________，大西南还包括_______，西南经济协作区再加上____________________。该区地理环境差异很大，青藏高原_______________、______________、__________________，横断山区______________、__________________、___________________、_______________，四川盆地___________、__________________，云贵高原_____________、______________、____________。该区矿产资源丰富，___________、_______________铁(矿产地，以下相同)，____________铜，___________锡，__________铝土，____________锰，_____________汞，___________、___________天然气，__________煤。云南成为动植物王国的理由是_________________________________________________________________________。目前制约西南经济发展的的主要因素是__________，而影响南昆线建设的因素是_______________________、___________________、_______________________________、________________________________。南昆线的意义是___________________________-、___________________________________、________________________________________、_________________________________。写出在下列城市交汇的铁路：重庆____________、贵阳_________________________、昆明_________________________________、柳州_______________________________、成都__________________________________、南宁__________________、怀化______________________________。

151．东北区地面结构的基本特征是______________、_____________，西、北、东的山脉名称分别是______________、________________、_________________，河流名称是__________、_________、_____________、____________________。东北土地资源的优势是：______________、__________________、________________________。黑土主要分布在_______________________、______________________，黑钙土主要分布在_____________。森林资源优势是_______________________________、______________________________、___________________________________、___________________。主要树种和森林类型是__________________________________________、_________________________________。东北生产潜力较大的土壤是___________、_________________，________________是导致黑土肥力下降的重要原因之一，_____________________是近年来保持和提高黑土肥力最有效的办法。沼泽作为湿地，其作用是________________________________，我国最大的沼泽主要分布在________________________，形成原因是___________________________________，青藏高原上沼泽的形成原因是_________________________________________。东北水稻种植在__________________________和__________________________，小麦种植在________________，三大粗粮作物是______________、_____________、_____________，其中玉米分布在______________________________________，与美国玉米带相比较异同点是___________________________________________________________________。东北最具特色的农产品是__________、________。东北农业发展中今后要_______________________、___________________________________、___________________。东北林业资源破坏的主要表现是______________________________、________________________、_____，合理利用与保护的措施是______________________、___________________________________、_____________________________、___________________________、____________。综合开发措施是___________________________、___________________________。主要林业工业中心是____________、______________、________________、____________、_________等地。

150．我国南方低山丘陵成为回归线上绿洲的原因是________________________________，其在农业发展过程中的资源优势和问题是：气候资源优势__________________________，问题_________________________________；生物资源优势___________________________，问题；________________________________土地资源优势，___________________________问题；_________________________________水资源优势，____________________________问题___________________________________。南方低山丘陵地区水土流失危害严重的原因是___________________________________________、________________________________、___________________________________________。南方低山丘陵地区走立体农业道路的理由是______________________________________、__________________________________、_______________________________________，千烟州模式从山麓到山顶依次是_______、_____________、_______________________、_________________，这样做的好处是__________________________、_________________。河南商城优势资源的开发的好处是__________________________________。造成南方低山丘陵地区水土流失严重的重要原因是__________________________，解决办法是________________________________________、____________________________________、________________________________________

149．黄淮海平原分为____________________、___________________、_____________三部分，地势低平，海拔在_________以下，在平原上分布__________和_______。黄淮海平原的三大障碍是______、_________、__________，气候特点是_____________、___________、___________________________。黄淮海平原洼地的特点是_______________、______________、__________________，治理模式是______________________，初步形成了以_____为中心的______________、____________、_______________、______________等四种模式，好处是___________________________________。黄淮海平原的水盐运动特征是______________________、_________________________、_____________________，原因是________________________________，改造盐碱地的关键是____________________，措施是__________________、______________________、________________、________________。

148．长江洪涝灾害频繁的自然原因是___________________________________________、________________________________________、_______________________________，人为原因是_________________________________、_________________，长江荆江河段的特点是___________________________________________________________，一旦发生洪水将会威胁_______________平原和____________城市。三峡建成后将使防洪标准提高到__________。长江三峡的能源意义在于____________________________________________________，环境意义在于_______________________________________________。三峡建成后，回水将会到城市______________________附近，会改善______________航道。三峡除以上效益外，还具有____________________、_________________、____________、__________等功能。三峡工程的复杂性当首推______问题。三峡库区移民艰巨的原因是_______________________、__________________________________、_____________________________________。三峡移民的方针是__________________，大多数移民采用_________________原则，外迁移民采用_____________________原则。三峡的有利影响主要在__________，它可以____________________________________、______________________________________、___________________________________、_______________________________________、__________________________；不利影响主要在______，又分为三类：一是_____________，如__________________、_____________________，二是_________________________，如________________________、________________________，三是_____________________，如__________________________、_________________________________。

147．人类活动造成的荒漠实质是_________________________________________________。我国位于贺兰山以西的沙漠有______________________、_______________________、______________________、_________________________、________________________、_________________________，以东的沙漠有____________________、________________、_____________________、_____________________、_______________________。我国清朝实施的“移民支边，开放蒙禁”的好处是_______________________________________，坏处是_____________________________________。我国荒漠化的主要表现有：在半干旱的旱农垦区周围，由于________________________，形成了_________状或_________状荒漠，如__________________________和________________________；在半干旱的草原牧区，由于_______________________________在_____________________________周围形成了_____状的荒漠化圈，如______________和________________________；在干旱的绿洲边缘地区由于___________________________，造成_______________，如______________、____________、____________________________；在内陆河流和山麓冲积扇地区，由于_______________和__________________________，导致荒漠化发生和发展，如__________________________和______________________________等地；在工矿开发、居民点和道路等基本建设中，由于__________________________________，形成了______状、______状荒漠，这种荒漠化的特点是________________________________________。除这些人为原因外，西北干旱半干旱地区荒漠化的自然原因是__________________________________、______________________。__________________________是防治荒漠化的核心，任何有效的防治荒漠化的战略和对策都应以_____________________为核心。防治荒漠化的措施是_________________________、______________________________________、______________________________________、______________________________________。我国在防治荒漠化的过程中，创造出______________________、________________________、____________________、______等许多成功的治理措施，其中_______________、____________、_______________等技术居世界领先地位，沙障的优点是_____________________、____________________，缺点是_______________________________。________________________是防治荒漠化的有效措施。

146．黄土高原位于__________以西，____________以东，___________以北，____________以南，地势由___________向_____________倾斜。它的过渡性特征主要表现为___________________________、_________________________、_____________________、_____________________________、__________________________、__________________，其脆弱的生态环境主要表现为____________________、____________________。黄土高原的地貌特征是_________________，形成的自然原因是________________、_________________，人为原因是____________________、_____________________、___________。黄土高原水土保持的基本措施是________________________________、___________________________、________________________________、_________________________。小流域综合治理的重点是_______________________，治理方针是_________、____________、_____________。平整土地的作用是________________________________________________，大坝淤泥的作用是_______________________________________________。

145．遥感是______________________________________________________，关键装置是__________，航空遥感与航天遥感的区别是____________________________，它的作用是______________________________________________________________。地理信息系统是____________________________________________，它的作用是______________________。全球定位系统是_______________________________，它由________________、____________、_____________________三部分构成，一个平面上有___________个卫星。

144．我国进行国土整治难度更大一些，原因是___________________________________、_________________________________________、____________________________。在全国范围内我国进行的跨区域国土整治工作主要有______________、___________________、_________________________、_____________________________。国土整治的最终目的是_________________________________________________。

143．三个经济地带的差异主要体现在_________________和___________________，从某种意义上讲，___________________更重要。造成东部与中西部差异的原因有___________、_________________、__________________、__________________、。我国东部对外开放的顺序依次是_________________、___________________、___________________、___________、_____________________。东部经济地带的优势区位条件主要是___________________、___________________________、__________________________、___________________、_______________________________、_________________________，今后发展中应注意______________________________________________、_____________________________、_________________________________________________。中西部地区的优势条件是__________________________________________________________________，今后发展应注意_________________________________、________________________________________、_______________________________、_________________________。在西部大开发过程中应_______________________________、_______________________、_____________________、___________________________________________-。