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[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.

　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.

　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.

　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.

1.What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)

________________________________________________________________________

2.Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)

Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.

3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)

___________                                                                

4.What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)

______________________________________________________________________

5.What does the word “they” (Line2, paragraph3)probably refer to? (no more than 8 words)

______________________________________________________________________

American pilot Frank Webb first flew a glider at the age of 14, made his first flight alone on his 16th birthday and got his commercial pilot’s license(执照)on his 18th birthday.

After serving in the US Navy for 20 years, being a Boeing flight instructor, and working with Alaska Airlines for more than three years, Webb signed a contract with Shenzhen Airlines last May to captain domestic routes in China. As an experienced pilot, he still feels the same nervousness as he felt on his first fight.

Captain Webb said that the “Sept. 11” incident did not have a direct influence on his decision to move to China to work. “Safety is in fact tighter in the United States and I am not worried about a terrorist attack,” he said. “The main reason I came to China was that my children will have a chance to see the world and experience international living.”

　　Webb has not experienced any in-flight emergencies(紧急情况) during his term in China although he said the weather here was generally more changeable than in the United States. “The weather changes tend to be great from north to south. We may be flying in a snow storm in Harbin, and then later that same day we may be flying through a tropical rain shower approaching Shenzhen,” Webb said.

While Webb had more flexibility(灵活性) to deal with the weather in the United States, he said air traffic control in China was more strict and allowed fewer deviations(偏离).

Speaking of planes often being late in China, Webb said that in America, being late was one of the few things that would get him in trouble. “In China, on the other hand, it seems there are many things that can get you in trouble with the boss, but being late is not one of them.” Webb does everything in his power to keep his flights on schedule.

“They provide really excellent service during flights. Western flight attendants just serve passengers. But the Chinese attendants will also check on the crew（机组人员）to see if we need anything,” Webb said.

Webb signed a contract with Shenzhen Airlines because _____.

A．he was afraid of the influence of  “Sept. 11”

B．he got a better pay there than in the US

C．he thought more for his children

D．he hoped to see the beautiful sights in China

The underlined word “glider” (in Paragraph 1) refers to “___    __”.

A．a type of plane      B．a type of car

C．a type of bike         D．a type of motor

The changeable weather in the flight Webb met in China _____.

A．made him excited   B．caused him frightened

C．affected his health   D．increased his difficulty

Webb is a pilot who _____.

A．has been tired of planes’ being late

B．has never had the experience of planes’ being late

C．is trying his best to keep his flights on time

D．finds it hard to understand China’s air traffic control

Webb’s words in the last paragraph show that he _____.

A．is not satisfied with Western flight attendants

B．thinks highly of the flight attendants in China

C．encourages Chinese flight attendants to improve services

D．admires the services of Western flight attendants

Travis laughed as he tore at the wrapping paper on his birthday present. He was so 36  ! Finally, he would have the coolest pair of name-brand basketball shoes.

    All the guys on his team were wearing the name-brand shoes of a popular basketball 37  , Chuck Hart. 38_ Hart was criticized for his poor sportsmanship and infamous 39_ , he was a great player. In fact, Travis wasn’t thinking about Hart’s behavior; he had only expected to see Hart’s 40  on the side of the box. He realized that something was 41  as he tore away the last piece of paper. Not Hart’s. The new shoes were the name-brand of another player, Robert Ryann, who was  42   for his amazing work in the community.

   Travis’s hands 43  ; his heart stopped. It wasn’t that the Ryann shoes weren’t nice, but what would his friends think?

   They were the wrong shoes and Travis would be 44    by the other players. When he looked up into his dad’s eyes, however, Travis knew he 45  tell him. “Thanks, Dad. I was really hoping for shoes,” Travis said as he pulled the shoes out of the box.

   Next morning his dad drove him to school. When they 46   in front of his destination, Travis slowly opened the car door. Just then, his dad stopped him.

   “Hey, Travis, wait a minute…” his dad said 47  “Travis, I know those aren’t the shoes you had hoped for, but I saw the names of the two guys and made a(n)  48  . The guy whose name is on those shoes,” he said, pointing down at Travis’s feet, “is someone I 49  . Do you know how often Ryann has found himself in 50  ? ”

   “ No,” Travis said.

   “ Never. He’s never talked back to his coach or started a fight, and he’s a team player. You could have acted like a(n) 51    when you didn’t get the shoes you wanted, Travis,  52  you were polite and made the best of it. You have honor, like the guy whose name is on these shoes. I’ m hoping that someday, your  53  will be on the coolest pair of shoes I’ll ever see.”

   When Travis looked down at his feet, he saw the shoes 54   . His dad had used his mind and heart to give the son a thoughtful 55    .

1.A. surprised     B. ashamed               C. excited               D. worried

2.A. team        B. player               C. coach        D. game

3.A. Unless       B. If              　　C. Because    D. Although

4.A. skill        B. performance   C. behavior     D. action

5.A. name       B. photo                   C. sign          D. model

6.A. strange      B. wrong                  C. true                 D. funny

7.A. known      B. encouraged             C. adopted             D. influenced

8.A. fell         B. froze           C. shook               D. folded

9.A. questioned   B. noticed               C. teased              D. attacked

10.A. mustn’t      B. needn’t              C. wouldn’t             D. couldn’t

11.A. pulled up     B. put up              C. took up              D. turned up

12.A. peacefully    B. hesitantly           C. delightedly          D. naturally

13.A. choice       B. effort                C. comment            D. mistake

14.A. believe      B. miss                C. admire       D. remember

15.A. danger       B. anger                 C. sorrow              D. trouble

16.A. teammate    B. adult             C. kid             D. student

17.A. so          B. and                C. but            D. or

18.A. honor       B. courage          C. name          D. belief

19.A. clearly      B. carefully          C. patiently        D. differently

20.A. gift        B. smile                C. wish           D. lesson

The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
　　Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
　　The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is very positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your stupid friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
　　In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
　　Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.
　　The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
【小题1】What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?

I was cleaning out an old box when an old card caught my eye：Queen City Casket Company．“What is it?” I wondered．I 　36　 it over．There，in faded ink, was a hand-scrawled(手写的) 　37　. Immediately my mind traveled  38   many years．

   I was nine years old, walking down the cold，wet streets of Springfield，with a bag of magazines on my shoulder．On my   39  that day．I came to that Company finally, whose owner, Mr. Rader，had always taken me there to ask his workers  40  they wanted any magazines．

    Shaking off the  41  like a wet dog．I entered Mr. Rader's office．After a quick glance ,he  42  me over to the fire-place．Noticing the  43   in the top of my  44   ，he said，“Come with me!”，pulling me into his pickup  45  ．we pulled to a stop before a shoe store．Inside，a salesman  46   me with the finest pair of Oxfords I had  47  seen．I  48  about 10 feet tall when I got up  49  them．“We’d like a pair of new socks too．” Mr Rader said．

    Back in his office, Mr Rader took out a  50   ，wrote something on it, and handed it to me．With   51  eyes，I read，“Do to others as you would have them do to you．” He said affectionately(深情地)，“Jimmy，I want you to　52　　I  love  you”．

    I said good-bye, and for the first time I  53    a flicker of hope that somehow things would be  54  ．With people like Mr Rader in the world，there was hope，kindness and love，and that would always make a   55  ．

A．read          B．thought        C．turned       D．passed

A．address       B．1ist            C．message     D．information

A．forward       B．so             C．ahead       D．back

A．return         B．rounds         C．trip         D．arrival

A．if only        B．how           C．whether      D．why

A．dust          B．sweat          C．tail          D．rain

A．led           B．followed        C．watched     D．carried

A．hole          B．mud           C．water        D．cover

A．magazine      B．shoe           C．sock         D．bag

A．truck         B．factory         C．home        D．store

A．dressed        B．fitted          C．showed      D．comforted

A．ever          B．already         C．never        D．hardly

A．appeared      B．seemed         C．looked 　    D．felt

A．for           B．with            C．on　 　     D．in

A．pen          B．paper           C．card　　     D．notebook

A．tearful        B．unbelievable     C．curious.　    D．puzzled

A．admit         B．know           C．consider 　  D．express

A．sensed        B．received         C．lost　       D．gained

A．mistaken      B．fight            C．all right 　   D．possible

A．deal          B．fortune          C．choice　　   D．difference