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How much can environment affect intelligence? In one study, striking increases in IQ occurred in 25 children who were moved from an orphanage(孤儿院) to more stimulating(使人兴奋的,使人振奋的) environments.The children, who were all considered mentally retarded and unadoptable, were moved to an institution where they received personal attention from adults.Later, these supposedly retarded children were adopted by parents who gave them love, a family ,and a stimulating home environment.The children gained an average of 29 IQ points.For one child, the increase was an amazing 58 points.A second group of initially less "retarded" children, who stayed in the orphanage, lost an average of 26 IQ points.
Other encouraging results can be found in early childhood education programs, which provide stimulating intellectual experiences for disadvantaged children.In one study, children from low-income families were given enriched environments from early infancy(婴儿期) through preschool.By age 2 their IQ scores were already higher than those in a control group.More important, they were still 5 points higher seven years later.High-quality enrichment programs such as Head Start can prevent children from falling behind in school.
A particularly striking environmental effect is the fact that 14 nations have shown average IQ gains of from 5 to 25 points during the last 30 years.These IQ boosts, averaging 15 points, occurred in far too short a time for genetics to explain them.It is more likely that the gains reflect environmental forces, such as improved education, nutrition, and living in a technologically complex society.
【小题1】What's the main idea of this passage
A.Retarded children cannot improve their IQ's. |
B.Orphanages are full of mentally retarded children. |
C.Environmental factors influence a child's IQ. |
D.Early childhood education programs are important. |
A.putting retarded children into institutions |
B.providing early childhood education programs |
C.keeping children in orphanages |
D.keeping retarded children with others like themselves |
A.Good nutrition. | B.Improved technology. |
C.Better education. | D.Food pollution. |
A.Attention from parents has little effect on a child's IQ. |
B.Head Start programs are a waste of money. |
C.Increases in IQ have happened in the US more rapidly than elsewhere. |
D.Genetics are less important than environment in gaining one's IQ. |
One of my fondest Christmas memories was also one of our family’s bleakest(最令人沮丧的).We were just little kids, and on Christmas Day mom us all around her to tell us, , that there would be no presents because all we really wanted was to for our daddy. He was very sick. I don’t remember anything else except four little girls surrounding my mother, crying a miracle(奇迹)
At that very moment, someone loudly on the door. Behind him was a merry group of soldiers from the Army base where my father as a minister. News had that we were in trouble, and his colleagues knew we needed some .
With all the excitement ,even my dad in a blanket to keep warm , came down and sat in front of a roaring fire in our room to watch his children be by good Samaritans(乐善好施的人). The presents were unwrapped, and we girls packages and found a doll each and four board games.
What is to me is that I don’t even remember what sickness my father was suffering from.I remember an evening of laughter and There were no expensive toys but priceless moments of friendship and fun given by young men who knew that a family was having a(n) rough time . They gave their time and their attention to little children who needed to laugh.
The most important thing in life aren’t things. And what about the true spirit of holidays? I hope we all are able to remember a thing about the holidays that stirs(搅动)our heart , that isn’t really a thing at all, but the smile on a child’s face because we take a moment to hug or wipe away a tear.
1.A. requested B. gathered C. commanded D. recommended
2.A. in tears B. in doubt C. in silence D. in surprise
3.A. apply B. pray C. pay D. ask
4.A. to B. with C. for D. in
5.A. knocked B. beat C. tapped D. struck
6.A. Fighting B. Shooting C. Following D. Running
7.A. charged B. existed C. worked D. governed
8.A. expanded B. spread C. distributed D. disappeared
9.A. confidence B. cheer C. trust D. wisdom
10.A. dressed B. attached C. trapped D. wrapped
11.A. persuaded B. saved C. taught D. entertained
12.A. discovered B. sought C. unfolded D. packed
13.A .strange B. frightening C. useful D. encouraging
14.A. seldom B. just C. even D. hardly
15.A. anxiety B. surprise C. doubt D. happiness
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Here is a true story about a famous man who worked in the White House and a criminal. They once faced the same thing: their mother gave them apples when they were young.
The criminal said: one day, my mother brought some apples and asked my brother and me: “Which do you want?” “The reddest and biggest one,” my little brother said. My mother stared at him and said to him angrily: “You should learn to give the good things to others; you shouldn’t always think of yourself.” Seeing this, I suddenly changed my idea and then said to my mother: “Mum, please give me the smaller one and give the bigger one to my little brother.” Hearing my words, my mother was very happy. She kissed me on my face and gave the reddest and biggest apple to me as a prize. From then on, I learned to tell lies, fight, steal and rob. In order to get what I wanted, I played hard. As a result, I was sent into prison.
The famous man from the White House said: One day, my mother brought some apples. She said to my brother and me: “You all want the reddest and biggest one, right? Well, let’s have a competition. Now I divided the grassland in front of the gate into two and I will give one to each of you and you must shear(修剪) it well. And I will give the reddest and biggest apple to him who does it the most quickly and best.”
After the competition, I won and I got the biggest apple. In our family, as long as you want to get the best things, you must take part in competition. I think it is fair. No matter what you want, you must pay lots of efforts.
【小题1】The criminal got the reddest and biggest apple because .
A.he told the truth that he wanted a smaller one |
B.he knew how to make his mother happy from her answer |
C.elder brother should of course have the bigger one |
D.his mother loved him more than she loved the younger brother |
A.it’s wrong to ask children to choose apples when they are not old enough |
B.it’s important to make children aware that no matter what they want, they must pay work |
C.it’s wrong to ask children not to always think of themselves |
D.it’s always necessary to have a competition when we give children apple |
A.organizing it in the order of time |
B.making a comparison between two men |
C.providing some scientific information |
D.describing it in the order of space |
A.we should always try to win competitions which can bring us a lot |
B.in order to get what we want, we should play hard |
C.a mother’s educational method has a great influence on a child’s growing |
D.giving children apples will lead them to become criminals |
When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was badly crippled (跛脚), and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare, I would be ashamed of the unwanted attention. If ever noticed or bothered, he never let on.
It was difficult to walk together—and because of that, we didn’t say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace. I will try to follow you.”
Our usual walk was to or from the subway, which was how he got to work. He went to work sick, and even in bad weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not. It was a matter of pride for him.
When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help... Such times my sister or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn, N.Y., on a child’s sleigh to the subway entrance. Once there, he would try to grasp handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice free. In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
When I think of it now, I am surprised at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to suffer from shame and disability. And I am also surprised at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.
He never talked about himself as an object of pity, not did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a “good heart”, and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.
Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don’t know exactly what a “good heart” is. But I know the times I don’t have one myself.
He has been away for many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about my troubles, when I am envious of another’s good fortune, when I don’t have a “good heart”.
【小题1】How did the man treat his father when he was young?
A.He helped his father happily. | B.He never helped his father. |
C.He helped his father, but not very happily. | D.He only helped his father take a walk after supper. |
A.didn’t work very hard | B.didn’t go to work from time to time |
C.hated those who had good fortune | D.was happy and satisfied, and never lost hope |
A.anger | B.sadness | C.happiness | D.unwillingness |
A.By subway. | B.By bus. | C.By wheelchair. | D.By bike |
A few years ago, I was with a close woman friend in a grocery store in California.As we walked along the aisle (过道), we saw a mother with a small boy moving in the opposite direction and met us head-on (正面的) in each aisle.The woman barely noticed us because she was so angry with her little boy, who wanted to pull items off the lower shelves.As the mother became more and more annoyed, she started to yell at the child and several aisles later had progressed to shaking him by the arm.k+s-5#u
At this point my friend spoke up.A wonderful mother of three and founder of a progressive school, she had probably never once in her life treated any child so harshly(严厉地).I expected my friend would give this woman a solid mother-to-mother talk about controlling herself and about the effect this behavior has on a child.Instead, my friend said, “What a beautiful little boy.How old is he?” The woman answered cautiously, “He’s three.” My friend went on to comment on how curious he seemed and how her own three children were just like him in the grocery store, pulling things off shelves, so interested in all the wonderful colors and packages.“He seems so bright and intelligent,” my friend said.
The woman had the boy in her arms by now and a shy smile came upon her face.Gently brushing his hair out of his eyes, she said, “Yes, he’s very smart and curious, but sometimes he wears me out.” My friend responded sympathetically(表示同情地), “Yes, they can do that; they are so full of energy.”
As we walked away, I heard the mother speaking kindly to the boy about getting home and cooking his dinner.“We’ll have your favorite — macaroni(通心面) and cheese,” she told him.
The mother was angry with her baby because .
A.the mother was very tired k+s-5#u
B.the baby asked for more things
C.the baby ran madly in the store
D.the baby was pulling the goods off the shelves
We can learn from the passage that the author’s friend .
A.treated her children well only
B.was probably good to any child
C.liked the boy very much
D.always wanted to help others
The author’s friend talked with the mother in that way to .
A.show her sympathy for the woman
B.know something about the boy first
C.show her anger with the woman k+s-5#u
D.make the woman realize children’s natural quality
With the story, the author most probably intends to tell us that .
A.we should respect a child’s nature
B.we should never blame a child
C.mothers usually share the same interest
D.mothers should try to be gentle and polite k+s-5#u
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