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　　San Francisco is a big city which lies in the west of the United States very near the Pacific, where two earth’s plates often meet and jump．So earthquake is a 　　1　　 word to hear there．It is recorded that at least 　　2　　 big earthquakes have happened in San Francisco since the beginning of the 　　3　　 century．One happened in 1906, the other in 1989．

　　The second worst earthquake 　　4　　 San Francisco on the evening of October 17, 1989, when people were travelling to their 　　5　　．A wide and busy overhead road fell onto the one 　　6　　．Many people were killed in their cars．A few 　　7　　 ones were not hurt, but many thousands became 　　8　　．A large number of weak buildings didn’t 　　9　　 in the quake and the 　　10　　 electricity was cut off for several days, too．

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　　As a teenager I was a productive letter writer． One letter I wrote

　　1　　．to56pages, and was　　2　　．of the extremely ordinary details (微不足道的事) of daily life． It could only have been of interest to me, and maybe, the receiver． But then,　　3　　, it might become attractive just because of the　　4　　details it recorded．

　　Official records of history-books and pictures--may record important events　　5　　they were always intended to have a large audience．　　6　　, letters tend not to be modified (修) , often true to　　7　　． They were, after all,　　8　　for just one pair of eyes．

　　Sadly, however, we don t write proper letters any more． Not only that, but, it's a fact that nowadays hardly anyone　　9　　to the letters they have receivedWe think only about　　10　　living and throwing things out． Who among us will leave any helpful papers for historians? In researching a book, I would never have found out that, in the late 　　19　　th century, showy(花枝招展) waistcoats caused a lot of　　11　　, if I hadn't read the　　12　　． One fellow even wrote to a friend to say that if he were to ever meet a man wearing a kind of showy clothes he　　13　　shoot the man on sight．

　　What a　　14　　if such details were lost due to lack of letter writing and a little saving． I think we should all　　15　　to write at least one letter a month any try to　　16　　those we get．

　　　　17　　good emails should be printed out and kept, too． Emails may not leave an example of our handwriting, but　　18　　they allow us to record our lives． Some years ago, a friend　　19　　me with a bundle of letters that I'd sent her since I was 　　16　　． They gave a wonderful　　20　　of my teenage． History will need to know this, I'm sure．

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阅读理解

　　Nelson Mandela is one of the great political leaders of our time．His lifelong efforts to the fight against racial(种族)oppression(压迫)in his country won him the admiration(钦慕)of millions worldwide, as well as the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize．As the leader of South Africa’s anti-partheid(反种族隔离)movement, Mandela was a key player in helping to move his country toward multiracial government(多民族政府)and majority rule．

　　Mandela’s long, hard struggle is a victory of dignity(尊严)and hope．He’s a man of true courage．If determination and patience were considered talents, Mandela would win hands down in any sort of competition．

　　accomplishments(成就)& fame(名誉)

　　Nelson Mandela’s greatest accomplishments were his role in ending apartheid, and becoming South Africa’s first elected black president．He has been the recipient(收件人)of dozens upon dozens of awards, prizes and honors from countless associations and organizations, but perhaps none more prestigious(声望很高)than the Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with former South African President Frederik W．de Klerk, in 1993．

　　He has been awarded several other major peace prizes, such as the UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)Peace Prize in 1991(also shared with F．W．de Klerk); the Africa Peace Award in 1995 and the International Gandhi Peace Prize in 2002．

　　Mr．Mandela also received dozens of honorary degrees(名誉学位)from universities the world over, including the Universities of Bristol, Cambridge, Glasgow, London, Nottingham, and Oxford, as well as an Honorary Doctorate from the Sorbonne University in Paris(all in July 1996), and Harvard Business School’s Statesman of the Year Award in 1995－to name but a few．He has also been presented(赠送)with the key to cities such as Rome, Rio de Janeiro, London, Dublin, and Sydney, Australia(where he became the first person ever to receive the Freedom of that city)．In July of 2002, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States highest civilian(公民)award．

　　Model

　　There’s something admirable about having been a leader fighting for a people’s freedom and equality in an unjust society．Mandela has become a worldwide symbol(楷模)of the struggle of the oppressed(被压迫者)over the oppressor．He has been celebrated in song by artists the world over, in many different languages．One entitled “Nelson Mandela”was recorded by British 2-Tone group The Special A．K．A(formerly The Specials); making the top 10 in the UK and a few other European nations in 1984．

　　Personal style

　　As a president, Mandela sported the typical garb(服饰)of high-ranking government officials： expensive, well-tailored(缝制精致的)suits．Now retired(退役)from public life, Mandela the elder statesman dresses in an ordinary way．

　　He attends many activities, often where he is the guest of honor, in bright, colorfully patterned(典型的)traditional African robes(长袍)or shirts all the better for getting down when the music begins．

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