When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.         At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty. 

As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.

1．In contrast to the earlier linguists, at present, more and more attention is paid to_________.

A. the standardization of the language 

B. language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns 

C. the improvement of the language than its history 

D. the rules of the language usage 

2．From the study we know that language is ________.

A. a possession of upper class. 

B. a possession of lower class. 

C. a possession of the whole society. 

D. the only property of those who treasure it much. 

3．Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? 

A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the Modern English.

B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language in its development. 

C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change. 

D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language. 

4．The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) _________. 

A. writer specially interested in English                   

B. person who pays much attention to people of lower classs          

C. teacher who teaches the English language             

D. expert in studying languages 

5．Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage? 

A. The history of the English language. 

B. Our changing attitude towards the English language. 

C. Our changing language. 

D. Some characteristics of modern English.

Passport Control (护照验证处)

    If you are arriving at London Heathrow Airport and are not transferring to another flight outside Britain or Northern Ireland，you must pass through Passport Control and Customs immediately after leaving your plane．If you are not Britain or a citizen of the European Community (欧共体)，you must fill out a special form before your passport is examined．This form is called a landing card and should be given to you during the flight to London．

    After landing, follow the ARRIVALS signs．Make sure you are in the fight channel when you reach Passport Control．There is one channel for holders of European Community Passports，and a second channel marked“Other Passports”．

Baggage Reclaim Area (取行李处)

    After passing through the Passport Control，follow the signs to the Baggage Reclaim Area．If you have luggage which is carried in the aircraft hold，it will be delivered to you in the Baggage Reclaim Area．Look for the sign with your flight number．If you have only hand luggage，go directly through the Baggage Reclaim Area to the Customs．

Customs

    All passengers must pass Customs after Passport Control．There is a choice of two channels：Green and Red．If you have nothing to declare，go through the Green Channel．If you are not sure about your Duty Free allowance(免税限额)or if you have something to declare，go through the Red Channel．Information about Duty Free allowance can be found on special notice-boards in the Baggage Reclaim Area．You should study this information carefully whether you are going through the Red Channel or not．Please note that if you go through the Green Channel，you may be stopped and asked to open your luggage for inspection．

1．All passengers arriving at Heathrow from outside Britain __________．

    A．must go through either Passport Control or Custom

    B．must go through Customs，but not Passport Control

    C．must go through Passport Control and Customs

    D．don’t have to be examined

2．The underlined word“transferring”means _________．

      A．exchanging           B．switching           C．replacing           D．turning

3．If you have only hand luggage，_________．

    A．you may go through the Baggage Reclaim Area to customs

    B．you should go through the Baggage Reclaim Areas

    C．it isn’t necessary for you to go through the Baggage Reclaim Area

    D．it isn’t necessary for you to do anything

4．If you have duty free goods，_______．

      A．you don’t have to go through the Green Channel

      B．you may go through the Green Channel

      C．you must go through the Red Channel

      D．you should go through both Green and Red Channel 

Passport Control（护照验证处）

If you are arriving at London Heathrow Airport and are not transferring to another flight outside Britain or Northern Ireland, you must pass through Passport Control and Customs immediately after leaving your plane. If you are not Britain or a citizen of the European Community（欧共体），you must fill out a special form before your passport is examined. This form is called a landing card and should be given to you during the flight to London.

After landing, follow the ARRIVALS signs. Make sure you are in the right  channel when you reach Passport Control. There is one channel for holders of European Community Passports, and a second channel marked “Other Passports”.

Baggage Reclaim Area（取行李处）

After passing through the Passport Control, follow the signs to the Baggage Reclaim Area. If you have luggage which is carried in the aircraft hold, it will be  delivered to you in the Baggage Reclaim Area. Look for the sign with your flight number. If you have only hand luggage, go directly through the Baggage Reclaim Area to the Customs.

All passengers must pass Customs after Passport Control. There is a choice of two channels: Green and Red. If you have nothing to declare, go through the Green Channel. If you are not sure about your Duty Free allowance（免税限额）or if you have something to declare, go through the Red Channel. Information about Duty Free allowance can found on special notice – boards in the Baggage Reclaim Area. You should study this information carefully whether you are going through the Red Channel or not. Please note that if you go through the Green Channel, you may be stopped and asked to open your luggage for inspection.

1．All passengers arriving at Heathrow from outside Britain         .

       A．must go through either Passport Control or Custom

       B．must go through Customs, but not Passport Control

       C．must go through Passport Control and Customs

       D．don’t have to be examined

2．The underlined word “transferring” means         .

       A．exchanging             B．switching                C．replacing                 D．turning

3．At Heathrow when reaching Passport Control,         .

A．all passengers go though the same channel

B．passengers of the European Community and those from other countries go through different channels

       C．British people and passengers from other countries go through different channels

D．All European passengers go through the channel

4．If you have only hand luggage,        .

       A．you may go through the Baggage Reclaim Area to customs

       B．you should go through the Baggage Reclaim Areas

       C．it isn’t necessary for you to go through the Baggage Reclaim Area

       D．it isn’t necessary for you to do anything

5．If you have duty free goods,        .

       A．you don’t have to go through the Green Channel

       B．you may go through the Green Channel

       C．you must go through the Red Channel

       D．you should go through both Green and Red Channel

 (05·北京)

Dear Laura,

I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love  would happen in today’s world. Well, I’m here to give you  36 .

I wanted to do something very   37   for my fifteen – year – old son, who has always been the perfect child. He   38   all summer to earn enough money to buy a used motorcycle. Then, he spent hours and hours on it   39   it looked almost new. I was so   40   of him that I bought him the shiniest helmet and a riding outfit.

I could   41   wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before. Upon awakening. I went to the kitchen to   42   the coffee, tea, and morning goodies. In the living room was a beautiful keyboard with a   43  : “To my wonderful mother, all my love, your son.”

I was so   44  . It had been a long – standing joke in our family that I wanted a piano so that I could   45   lessons. “L earn to play the piano, and I’ll get you one” was my husband’s   46 .

I stood there shocked, crying a river, asking myself how my son could   47   this expensive gift.

Of course, the   48   awoke, and my son was thrilled（激动的）with my reaction. Many kisses were   49  , and I immediately wanted him to   50   my gift.

As he saw the helmet and outfit, the look on his face was not   51   what I was expecting. Then I   52   that he had sold the motorcycle to get me the keyboard.

Of course I was the proudest mother   53   on that day, and my feet never hit the ground for a month.

So I wanted you to know, that kind of love still   54   and lives even in the ever–changing world of me, me, me!

I thought you’d love to   55   this story.

                                                                  Yours,

                                                                 Hilary

P.S. The next day, my husband and I bought him a new “used” already shiny motorcycle.

36．A．hope                   B．advice                 C．support               D．courage

37．A．polite                  B．similar                 C．special                D．private

38．A．played                B．studied                C．traveled               D．worked

39．A．after                   B．before                 C．unless                 D．until

40．A．sure                    B．fond                    C．proud                  D．confident

41．A．perhaps               B．really                   C．almost                 D．hardly

42．A．start                    B．cook                   C．set                      D．serve

43．A．note                    B．notice                  C．word                  D．sign

44．A．disturbed             B．confused             C．astonished           D．inspired

45．A．give                    B．take                    C．draw                   D．teach

46．A．reason                 B．request                C．comment             D．response

47．A．present                B．afford                 C．find                    D．order

48．A．neighbor              B．building               C．home                  D．house

49．A．exchanged           B．experienced         C．expected             D．exhibited

50．A．tear                     B．open                   C．check                 D．receive

51．A．purely                 B．basically              C．obviously            D．exactly

52．A．realized               B．remembered         C．imagined             D．supposed

53．A．only                    B．still                     C．ever                    D．even

54．A．works                 B．exists                  C．matters               D．counts

55．A．send                   B．publish                C．share                  D．write

Passport Control（护照验证处）

If you are arriving at London Heathrow Airport and are not transferring to another flight outside Britain or Northern Ireland, you must pass through Passport Control and Customs immediately after leaving your plane. If you are not Britain or a citizen of the European Community（欧共体），you must fill out a special form before your passport is examined. This form is called a landing card and should be given to you during the flight to London.

After landing, follow the ARRIVALS signs. Make sure you are in the right  channel when you reach Passport Control. There is one channel for holders of European Community Passports, and a second channel marked “Other Passports”.

Baggage Reclaim Area（取行李处）

After passing through the Passport Control, follow the signs to the Baggage Reclaim Area. If you have luggage which is carried in the aircraft hold, it will be  delivered to you in the Baggage Reclaim Area. Look for the sign with your flight number. If you have only hand luggage, go directly through the Baggage Reclaim Area to the Customs.

All passengers must pass Customs after Passport Control. There is a choice of two channels: Green and Red. If you have nothing to declare, go through the Green Channel. If you are not sure about your Duty Free allowance（免税限额）or if you have something to declare, go through the Red Channel. Information about Duty Free allowance can found on special notice boards in the Baggage Reclaim Area. You should study this information carefully whether you are going through the Red Channel or not. Please note that if you go through the Green Channel, you may be stopped and asked to open your luggage for inspection.

44．All passengers arriving at Heathrow from outside Britain         .

       A．must go through either Passport Control or Custom

       B．must go through Customs, but not Passport Control

       C．must go through Passport Control and Customs

       D．don’t have to be examined

45．The underlined word “transferring” means         .

       A．exchanging             B．switching                C．replacing                 D．turning

46．At Heathrow when reaching Passport Control,         .

A．all passengers go though the same channel

B．passengers of the European Community and those from other countries go through different channels

       C．British people and passengers from other countries go through different channels

D．All European passengers go through the channel

47．If you have only hand luggage,        .

       A．you may go through the Baggage Reclaim Area to customs

       B．you should go through the Baggage Reclaim Areas

       C．it isn’t necessary for you to go through the Baggage Reclaim Area

       D．it isn’t necessary for you to do anything

48．If you have duty free goods,        .

       A．you don’t have to go through the Green Channel

       B．you may go through the Green Channel

       C．you must go through the Red Channel

       D．you should go through both Green and Red Channel