People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated（估计） that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反, 侵犯）of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.

Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

1．A “developmental" disability ______.

A. develops very slowly over time       B. occurs in youth and affects development

C. is caused by forces                 D. is getting more and more severe

2．Most disabled people used to die early because ______.

  A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functions   

B. medical techniques were not available 

C. they were not very well looked after

D. they were too poor to get proper treatment

3．In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, ____.

A. more laws should be passed            B. more public facilities should be set up

C. government should provide more aids    D. public attitudes should be changed

4．Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

  A. Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.

B. Discriminatory（带歧视性的）laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.

C. The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.

  D. The disabled people feel inferior to（低于）those surrounding them.

5．The best title for this passage might be ______.   

  A. Handicaps（障碍）of People with Disabilities

  B. The physical difficulties of the Disabled

  C. The Causes for Disabilities

D. Medical Treatments for Disabilities

Americans have contributed to many art forms, but jazz, a type of music, is one of the art forms that was started in the United States. Black Americans, who sang and played the music of their homeland, created jazz.

Jazz is a mixture of the music of Africa, the work songs the slaves sang, and religious（宗教）music. Improvisation is an important part of jazz. This means that the musicians make the music up as they go along, or create the music on the spot. This is why a jazz song might sound a little different each time it is played.

Jazz bands formed in the late 1800s.They played in bars and clubs in many towns and cities of the South, especially New Orleans. New Orleans is an international seaport, and people from all over the world come to New Orleans to hear jazz.

Jazz became more and more popular. By the 1920s,jazz was popular all over the United States. By the 1940s,you could hear jazz not only in clubs and bars, but in concert halls as well. Today, people from all over the world play jazz. Jazz musicians from the United States, Asia, Africa, South America, and Europe meet and share their music at festivals on every continent. In this way jazz continues to grow and change.

1.What can be the best title of the passage?

A. American Art Forms                       B. The Development of Jazz

C. The Music of Black Americans             D. The Birthplace of Jazz

2.From the text it can be inferred that_________.

A. New Orleans is the place where jazz was first produced

B. the American people are all jazz lovers

C. jazz is merely sung by the black when working

D. jazz may become more popular as time goes on

3.It took about _________ years to make jazz popular in the United States.

A.200           B.120           C.80                D.40

Fire can help people in many ways.  Fire can heat water, (21)____ your house, give light and cook food. But fire can burn things too. Nobody knows (22)____ people began to use fire. One story from Australia tells about a man a very long time ago. He (23)____ the sun by a rope and brought fire down.

Today people know how to (24)____ a fire with matches. Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can be very (25)____.

Fire kills people every year. So you must be careful (26)____ matches. You should also learn to (27)____ fires. Fires need oxygen（氧气）. Without oxygen they die. There is (28)____ in the air. Cover a fire with water, sand, or (29)____, with your coat or a blanket. This keeps the air from a fire and kills it.

Be careful with fire, and it will help you. Be careless with fire, and it might (30)____ you.

任务型读写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下列短文，根据所读内容在文章后的表格中填入恰当的单词。注意：表格中的每个空只填一个单词。
Researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy(感情移入)，the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time. Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.
But there is another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. Humans learn by example---and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.
There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships. Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. Good social skills---including empathy—are a kind of “emotional(情感的) intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.
What’s the best way to develop empathy? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking. In addition, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, be a member of a club or a team, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

Americans have contributed to many art forms, but Jazz a type of music, is one that was not started in the United States. Blacks, who sang and played the music of their homeland, created jazz.

Jazz is a mixture of the music of Africa, the work songs the slaves sang and religious(宗教的) music. Improvisation is an important part of jazz. This means that musicians make the music up as they go along, or create the music on the spot. This is why a jazz song might sound a little different each time it is played

Jazz bands formed in the late 1800s. They played in bars and clubs in many towns and cities of the South, especially in New Orleans. New Orleans is an international seaport, and people from all over the world came to New Orleans to hear jazz.

Jazz became more and more popular. By the 1920s, jazz was popular all over the United States. By the 1940s, you could hear jazz not only in clubs and bars, But in concert halls as well. Today, people from all over the world play jazz. Jazz musicians from the United States, Asia, Africa, South America, and Europe meet and share their music at festivals on every continent. In this way jazz continues to grow and change.

1.What can be the best title of the passage?

2.Which of the following is true?

3.From the text it can be inferred that

4.It took about _____years to make jazz popular in the United States.