Atoms are building materials of all matter, because by putting together atoms in different ways, all elements and compounds can be formed．

　　An element is a substance or a kind of thing that has only one type of atom． Pure oxygen has only oxygen atoms． Elements are substances which cannot be broken down chemically into any simpler substances．

　　All the atoms of an element have the same atomic number． You will remember that the atomic number is the number of protons (= very very small pieces of matter that carry positive or Å electricity) in the nucleus or centre of an atom, and this number determines or decides the nature of the element． Each oxygen atom has eight protons in its nucleus, while each aluminum has thirteen． We call these substances elements because all their atoms are of the same type;they all have the same number of protons in the nucleus．

　　The element is made up of chemical units which have two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds or connections． A chemical unit is the smallest unit of a substance which shows all the chemical nature of the substance． Chemical units of elements are called molecules． The number of atoms in a molecule depends on the element．

　　At room temperature, some elements are gases (in a gas, there are larger spaces between the (molecules )． In the Noble Gases, each molecule has only one atom, because the atoms of these elements do not form chemical bonds with each other． In other gases, however, the molecules each have two atoms held together by chemical bonds． For example, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, oxygen, and hydrogen are all gases whose molecules have two atoms each．

　　The chemical symbol or sign of an element stands for one atom of the element． The formula of the element, however, stands for one molecule of the element．

　　Most elements are solid at room temperature． Some of these elements are made up of single atoms placed closely together within the solid, e．g． copper, iron, and nickel．

　　Other solid elements are made up of molecules with two or more atoms each． Iodine is a solid whose molecules have two atoms each(I2 ), but phosphorus has molecules made up of four atoms (P4 ), while the molecules of sulphur may have up to eight atoms each ( S8 )． In each of these elements, the molecules are put so closely together that the result is a solid substance．

　　Bromine and mercury are two elements which are liquids at room temperature． Bromine, like its neighbours chlorine and iodine in the periodic ( = of period ) table, has molecules made up of two atoms each． In these liquid elements, the molecules are close together, but not so crowded;they can pass lightly by one another．

1．All elements are made up of　　　　 ．

A．atoms B． matter C． building materials D． molecules

2Pure elements can ______．

A．never be broken away in any way

B．not be broken into smaller parts in any simpler way

C．seldom be made up of only one atom

D．have only oxygen atoms

3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．The nature of atoms decides the nature of an element they are in．

B．The number of atoms decides the nature of an element they are in．

C．The nature of protons inside an atom decides the nature of the atom．

D．The number of protons inside an atom decides the number of the atom．

4． The symbol of aluminum is ______ and its atom number is ______

A．Al, 8 B．Alu, 9 C．Al, 13 D．Alu, 14

5． The molecule is ________of a substance．

A．a small chemical unit B．the smallest unit

C．the chemical bonds　　D．a chemical unit

6． A noble gas molecule has ________．

A．something to do with room temperature

B．no chemical bonds with each other

C．only one atom

D．has no chemical bonds with other elements

7．The formula of fluoride , sulphur , iodine and phosphorus are __________．

A 2, 4, 6, 8 B．2, 2, 4, 8

C．2, 4, 2, 8 D．2, 8, 2, 4

8． Molecules in a solid are 　　 those in a gas．

A．as closely placed as B．more closely put than

C．less closely placed than D．smaller in space than

9． It seems that elements in an ordinary lab are 　　 solids．

A．mostly B．sometimes C．seldom D．never

10． Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Bromine and mercury are always solids．

B．Molecules of liquids are less closely put than those of gases．

C．Each bromine element has the same number of atoms as that of nitrogen．

D．Liquid molecules are always more closely put than those of solids．

In Germany, English expressions are used in conversations and increasingly in written form. Advertisements are often expressed completely in English. When I go to the gym, there are “aerobic-classes (增氧健身法课程)”. We “warm up”. We go “jogging.” In business, we attend a “meeting” and we have “good connections.”

Other nations, like France, have taken action to protect their language from the influence of “Americanization”. In Germany, however, there is concern that those rules could be connected with Hitler’s Third Reich (帝国), when the language had to be pure. If the government curbed the use of English words now, this could be considered by some as a return to that terrible past.

Some German citizens are now trying to stop the use of English vocabulary in German. However, I think generally it is not a big deal to use some common English expressions as they often describe things more directly. But we should know that it is important to use English correctly. All too often, bad English is spoken or even written instead of good German. The proper use of the German language would be the better choice. However, there are some fields that require the use of English words, for example, in the high-tech communication and the Internet fields, there is no alternative to English. Also, I think sometimes I have to speak English when I introduce some scenic places to tourists.

I think you have to find a balance and decide when it is better to use good German in place of bad English or when the use of correct English words is more suitable. Languages have always changed naturally, and I disagree with a restriction by law. Some nice expressions borrowed from other languages can make a conversation more vivid.

1.By giving many examples in the first paragraph, the writer shows that __________.

2.From the passage, we can learn that when Hitler was in power, __________ in Germany.

3. What job does the writer probably do?

4. What is the writer’s attitude towards the use of English in Germany?

　The dream of flying into outer space, cherished by the Chinese people for centuries, will soon come true.

　　China launched its fourth unmanned spacecraft （飞船）“Shenzhou Ⅳ” on December 30 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in Gansu Province. It was the 27th consecutive（连续的 ）and successful launch of China - made rockets since October 1996. This launch has made it more realistic for China to send a person into space on its own following Russia and the USA.

　　Qi Faren，leading designer of the spacecraft system, said all the functions （功能） designed for manned flights have withstood （经受住）the test of three previous, successful launches and return landings of the “Shenzhou” spaceships.

　　China launched the “Shenzhou Ⅰ ”, “Shenzhou Ⅱ ”and “Shenzhou Ⅲ ”spacecrafts in 1999,2001 and 2002 respectively.

　　“Shouzhou Ⅳ” was to make it a more comfortable place in which astronauts can live and work. All parts of the application system for manned flight are aboard the “Shenzhou Ⅳ”craft in all test flights.

　　China’s manned flight programme began in 1992. A number of unmanned test flights will be launched before Chinese astronauts are sent into space.

　　Leading scientists in charge of China’s manned space programme said the successful launch of the “Shenzhou Ⅳ” laid a solid foundation for the country’s future task of sending Chinese astronauts to outer space.

　　The spacecraft returned to the earth on January 5, after completing seven experiments in space.

　　Officials at the centre said that“ Shenzhou Ⅴ”, a manned spacecraft, is expected to be launched later this year.

　How many countries can send a person into space on its own by now？

　　A. 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B. 3.

　　C. 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D. Not mentioned.

　China’s manned flight programme began in ________.

　　A. 1992　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. October 1996.

　　C. 1999　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. January 2003

　As a matter of fact, ________ .

　　A. “Shenzhou Ⅴ ”has been launched

　　B. “Shenzhou Ⅳ” was a manned spacecraft

　　C. “Shenzhou Ⅲ ”and“ Shenzhou Ⅳ” were not launched in the same year

　　D. the dream of man flying into outer space has come true in China

　　Which is the most suitable title for the passage?

　　A. The Successful Launching of “Shenzhou Ⅳ ”.

　　B. The Landing of “Shenzhou Ⅳ ”.

　　C. Chin a’s Manned Flight Programme.

　　D. The Third Country Sending a Person into Outer Space.

Nick Santonastasso has one arm equipped with one finger. He has no legs. He also has no limitations(局限).

“ I know anything’s possible ,” the 12-year-old told TODAY ’s Ann Curry.

He can play baseball and football, play the keyboard and drums, and play video games with his brothers.

When Nick was born, he suffered a disease only found in 11 other people. The Santonastassos had three other children, and they decided to treat Nick the same as others, with love but without excuse

“ We’re supposed to be heroes to our children, but Nick is a hero to us,” his father Michael said. But heroes have heroes, too, and Nick’s is Tiki Barber, the former football superstar who retired last year and became a reporter for TODAY. Curry told Nick that for his birthday, the show wanted to give him a new skateboard. The person who presented it to him was Barber.

“ You’re an inspiration,” Barber said. “ There are a lot of kids who might be at a disadvantage.

You give them strength.”

Curry observed that most parents try to protect their kids from failure, but the Santonastassos didn’t do that with Nick.

“Absolutely not, “Nick’s mother Stacey said. “ If you do have a small failure, it just makes you stronger to succeed at the next stop.”

“ It builds self-confidence in yourself to try it again,” Nick added.

Recently, Nick entered a drawing in a statewide contest in New Jersey. His drawing was a tree with a spreading canopy (树冠) and deep toots. Above the tree were the words, “The roots of a family are…” Below the ground, the roots spelled out the final word for the message: “ Love.”

It won the contest. The judges didn’t know Nick’ physical condition. He won on merit (成绩), the same way he does everything else in life.

1.How did the Santonastassos treat Nick?

2.In the opinion of Barber, Nick__________.

3.What message did Nick’s drawing express?

4.According to the passage, ______ other people have the same disease as Nick’s.

5. What might be the most suitable title for the passage?

I arrived at the bus station much too early for the London bus, which was not to leave until five to twelve. I pushed through the crowds, looking for somewhere to sit down. Scores of people were standing about, or struggling along with their bags and the cases to find the right lines. There was a party of school girls. I could see teachers trying to keep them in order. But there was nowhere for me to sit.

  I stepped into the station buffet. I looked up at the clock there. It was only twenty to twelve. I found a seat opposite a large mirror on the wall. Just then a friend of mine called Jim came in and sat with me. "What time is your bus?" asked Jim. "Oh, there's a plenty of time yet," I answered. "Oh, I'll get some drinks then," said Jim. We talked while drinking. Then I looked at the clock again. "Good heavens! It's going backward!" I cried. "A moment ago it was twenty to twelve and now it's half past eleven." "You are looking at the clock in the mirror," said Jim. I could kick myself for being so stupid. I had not realized that the marks for one and eleven on the face of the clock were the same. The next bus was not to leave for another hour. I have never liked mirror since then.

1.. The London bus left ________. 

A. at five to twelve                        B. before five to twelve

C. after five to twelve                 D. until five to twelve

2... The writer went to the station buffet because ________.

A. he was thirsty                

B. he saw the station buffet was not so crowded

C. it was still early for his bus and he couldn't find a place to sit at the bus station

D. he had changed his mind; he wouldn't go to London

3... The writer sat ________.

A. behind a mirror                     B. facing a mirror

C. under a mirror                      D. near a mirror

4.. Jim came to the station buffet at about ________.

A. twenty to twelve                    B. twenty past twelve

C. half past one                       D. twenty past eleven

5.. What time was it when the writer looked at the clock again?

It was ________.                                       

A. half past eleven                     B. twelve thirty

C. twelve twenty                   D.eleven thirty