Last week I was invited to a doctor’s meeting at the Ruth hospital for incurables. In one of the wards a patient, an old man, got up shakily from his bed and moved towards me. I could see that he hadn't long to 36, but he came up to me and placed his right foot close mine on the floor.
　 “Frank！” I cried in astonishment. He couldn’t 37, as I knew, but all the time 3 8 his foot against mine.
　 My 39 raced back more than thirty years to the 40 days of 1941, when I was a student in London. The 41 was an air-raid shelter, in which I and about hundred other people slept every night. Two of the regulars were Mrs. West and her son Frank.
　　 42 wartime problems, we shelter-dwellers got to 43 each other very well. Frank West 44 me because he wasn’t 45 not even at birth. His mother told me he was 37 then, but he had 46 of a mind than a baby has. His “ 47 ” consisted of rough sounds——sounds of pleasure or anger and　 48 more. Mrs. West, then about 75, was a strong, capable woman, as she had to be, of course, because Frank 49 on her entirely. He needed all the 50 of a baby.
　 One night a policeman came and told Mrs. West that her house had been flattened by a 500-pounder. She 51 nearly everything she owned.
　 When that sort of thing happened, the rest of us helped the 52 ones. So before we 53 that morning, I stood beside Frank and 54 my right foot against his. They were about the same size. That night, then, I took a pair of shoes to the shelter for Frank. But as soon as he saw me he came running and placed his right foot against mine. After that, his 55to me was always the same.
36．A．work 　　　　　　　 B．stay　　　　　　　　　 C．live　　　　　　　　　　　 D．expect
37．A．answer　　　　　　　 B．speak　　　　　　　　 C．smile　　　　　　　　　 D．laugh
38．A．covering　　　　　　 B．moving　　　　　　 C．fighting　　　　　　　　 D．pressing
39．A．minds　　　　　　　　 B．memories　　　　　 C．thoughts　　　　　　　 D．brains
40．A．better　　　　　　　　 B．dark　　　　　　　　 C．younger　　 　　　　 D．old
41. A．cave　 　　　　　　 B．place　　　　　　　　 C．sight　　　　　　　　　　 D．scene
42．A．Discussing　 　　 B．Solving　　　　　　 C．Sharing　　 　　　　　 D．Suffering
43．A．learn from　 　　　 B．talk to　　　　　　　 C．help　　 　　　　　　　 D．know
44．A．needed　 　　　　　　 B．recognized　　　　 C．interested　 　　　　 D．encouraged
45．A．normal　 　　　　　　 B．common　　　　　 C．unusual　 　　　　　　 D．quick
46．A．more　　 　　　　　　 B．worse　　　　　　　 C．fewer　　　　　　　　　 D．less
47．A．word　 　　　　　　 B．speech　　　　　　　 C．sentence　 　　　　 D．language
48．A．not　 　　　　　　　　 B．no　　　　　　　　　　 C．something　 　　　　 D．nothing
49．A．fed　 　　　　　　　　 B．kept　　　　　　　　　 C．lived　　　　　　　　　　 D．depended
50．A．attention　 　　　　 B．control　　　　　　　 C．treatment　 　　　　 D．management
51．A．lost　 　　　　　　　　 B．needed　　　　　　　 C．destroyed　 　　　　 D．left
52．A．troublesome　　　　 B．unlucky　　　　　　 C．angry　　　　　　　　　 D．unpopular
53．A．separated　 　　　　 B．went　　　　　　　　 C．reunited　 　　　　　 D．returned
54．A．pushed 　　　　　　 B．tried　　　　　　　　 C．showed　 　　　　　 D．measured
55．A．nodding 　　 B．greeting　　　　　　　　 C．meeting　　 　　　　　 D．acting

At the sight of the scene of war, my _____ race back more than 50 years to the dark days of 1940.

  A. minds            B. memories          C. thoughts            D. brains

60. At the sight of the scene of war, my _____ race back more than 50 years to the dark days of 1940.

  A. minds            B. memories          C. thoughts            D. Brains

We like to think our intelligence is self-made; it happens inside our heads, the product of our inner thoughts alone. But the rise of Google, Wikipedia and other online tools has made many people question the impact of these technologies on our brains. Is typing in “Who has played James Bond in the movies?” the same as our knowledge about the names like Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig? Can we say we know the answer as long as we know how to rapidly get the information on Google?
Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. The answer appears to be interesting, because the evidence from psychological studies suggests that much of our intelligence comes from how we coordinate ourselves with other people and our environment.
An influential theory among psychologists is that we're cognitive misers(认知吝啬者). This is the idea that we are unwilling to do mental work unless we have to. We try to avoid thinking things fully when a short cut is available. If you've ever voted for the presidential candidate(总统候选人) with the most honest smile, or chosen a restaurant based on how many people are already sitting in there, then you are a cognitive miser. The theory explains why we'd much rather type a zip code into Google Maps than memorize and recall the location of a place – it's so much easier to do so.
Research shows that people don't tend to rely on their memories for things they can easily access. Buildings can somehow disappear from pictures we're looking at, or the people we're talking to can be changed with someone else, and often we won't notice – a phenomenon called “change blindness”. This isn't an example of human stupidity – far from it, in fact – this is an example of mental efficiency. The mind relies on the world as a better record than memory.
Philosophers have suggested that thinking is really happening in the environment as much as it is happening in our brains. The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs(电子人)", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. In Clark's view, the route to a solution is not the issue – having the right tools really does mean you know the answers, just as much as already knowing the answer.
Rather than being forced to rely on our own resources for everything, we can share our knowledge. Technology keeps track of things for us so we don't have to, while large systems of knowledge serve the needs of society as a whole. I don't know how a computer works, or how to grow vegetables, but that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit. The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples – an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit.
So as well as having a physical environment – like the rooms or buildings we live or work in – we also have a mental environment, which means that when I ask you where your mind is, you shouldn’t point toward the centre of your forehead. As research shows, our minds are made up just as much by the people and tools around us as they are by the brain cells inside our skull.
【小题1】Why did the writer raise the questions in Paragraph 1?

We like to think our intelligence is self-made; it happens inside our heads, the product of our inner thoughts alone. But the rise of Google, Wikipedia and other online tools has made many people question the impact of these technologies on our brains. Is typing in “Who has played James Bond in the movies?” the same as our knowledge about the names like Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig? Can we say we know the answer as long as we know how to rapidly get the information on Google?

Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. The answer appears to be interesting, because the evidence from psychological studies suggests that much of our intelligence comes from how we coordinate ourselves with other people and our environment.

An influential theory among psychologists is that we're cognitive misers(认知吝啬者). This is the idea that we are unwilling to do mental work unless we have to. We try to avoid thinking things fully when a short cut is available. If you've ever voted for the presidential candidate(总统候选人) with the most honest smile, or chosen a restaurant based on how many people are already sitting in there, then you are a cognitive miser. The theory explains why we'd much rather type a zip code into Google Maps than memorize and recall the location of a place – it's so much easier to do so.

Research shows that people don't tend to rely on their memories for things they can easily access. Buildings can somehow disappear from pictures we're looking at, or the people we're talking to can be changed with someone else, and often we won't notice – a phenomenon called “change blindness”. This isn't an example of human stupidity – far from it, in fact – this is an example of mental efficiency. The mind relies on the world as a better record than memory.

Philosophers have suggested that thinking is really happening in the environment as much as it is happening in our brains. The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs(电子人)", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. In Clark's view, the route to a solution is not the issue – having the right tools really does mean you know the answers, just as much as already knowing the answer.

Rather than being forced to rely on our own resources for everything, we can share our knowledge. Technology keeps track of things for us so we don't have to, while large systems of knowledge serve the needs of society as a whole. I don't know how a computer works, or how to grow vegetables, but that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit. The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples – an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit.

So as well as having a physical environment – like the rooms or buildings we live or work in – we also have a mental environment, which means that when I ask you where your mind is, you shouldn’t point toward the centre of your forehead. As research shows, our minds are made up just as much by the people and tools around us as they are by the brain cells inside our skull.

1.Why did the writer raise the questions in Paragraph 1?

A．To find out who has played James Bond in the movies.

B．To introduce the topic to be discussed in the passage.

C．To show that he knows the answer to the questions.

D．To attract readers’ attention by mentioning James Bond.

2.What is the writer’s attitude towards the rise of technologies like Google and Wikipedia?

A．Supportive        B．Objective          C．Indifferent         D．Neutral

3. Which of the following might the philosopher Andy Clark agree with?

A．Intelligence is something that is made by one’s brain itself.

B．Intelligence is something that only happens inside one’s head.

C．Intelligence is the product of one’s inner thoughts alone.

D．Intelligence is a mixture of the environment, people and one’s brain cells.

4.It is true about the phenomenon called “change blindness” that human beings____.

A．are stupid not to notice the changes

B．are efficient in mental work

C．are blind to changes around them

D．rely on memory when dealing with things

5.According to the text, how do technologies like Google, Wikipedia affect us?

A．They make us much more intelligent.

B．They make us lazier and more stupid.

C．They have little to do with our intelligence.

D．They have a negative effect on our intelligence.