An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.
The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.
The implication (含义) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”
【小题1】The underlined word in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”.

An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.

The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.

The implication (含义) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”

1.The underlined word in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”.

A．program          B．regulation         C．correction         D．classification

2.What’s the passage mainly about?

A．A new scientific experiment.

B．The Self-fulfilling Effect.

C．Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”.

D．An improved teaching method.

3.The experiment was made in order to _________.

A．try out a new teaching method

B．pick out the most excellent pupils

C．learn if expectations affect performance

D．give each pupil a proper rating

4.What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?

A．Strict training from Higgins.

B．Her own strong will and hard work.

C．The proper way she was regarded.

D．Warm encouragement from Pickering.

5.According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_________”.

A．I’m sure you can make it                 B．I will help you any time

C．It is as easy as pie                       D．It doesn’t matter if you fail

　　When I came out of my office, it was dark. In order to get home as soon as possible, I hired a taxi. The car was __(1)___ along the road, now well-lit, now sank in darkness. I broke the __(2)___ on purpose, __(3)___ that the driver might be too tired to drive,“When do you go back home in the evening?”

　　“Nine o'clock. I'll go after this trip.”

　　“Then when do you come out in the morning?”I __(4)___ another question.“Nine o'clock, too. And I go home for lunch and dinner, just as if I worked at an office.”His easiness surprised me, because every time I ride in a taxi, what I hear from the __(5)___ is only complaint（抱怨）. They complain that they __(6)___ work __(7)___, that it is __(8)___ to earn money, that they are bullied（欺侮）by the policemen, or that the corporation leaders are seated __(9)___ and enjoy the __(10)___ of others' work. It seems that they have a grievance（不满意）against everything. But this driver told me,“I find it __(11)___ to be a section chief as I was before. I don't like management work. I like driving, just for __(12)___. It's __(13)___ that I __(14)___ drive without a passenger. So I can earn two to three thousand yuan a month with ease. Any __(15)___? Yes, I never follow an empty taxi. If it goes __(16)___, I go northward. If it goes along the highway, I turn into a __(17)___ street. In this way I always get customers.”

　　His words showed his satisfaction with his life and the pride he __(18)___ in his job. Such feelings are __(19)___ among people nowadays as oxygen in high mountains. As an ancient saying __(20)___,“Neither joy in material gains nor grieve over personal setbacks（挫折）.”How many people nowadays can show high ideals by simple living and go far with a calm mind? I couldn't help feeling curious when I found such a state of mind in a stranger on a cold winter night.

An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.
The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.
The implication (含义) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”

1. 1.

   The underlined word in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”

   1. A.
      program
   2. B.
      regulation
   3. C.
      correction
   4. D.
      classification
2. 2.

   What’s the passage mainly about?

   1. A.
      A new scientific experiment
   2. B.
      The Self-fulfilling Effect
   3. C.
      Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”
   4. D.
      An improved teaching method
3. 3.

   The experiment was made in order to _________

   1. A.
      try out a new teaching method
   2. B.
      pick out the most excellent pupils
   3. C.
      learn if expectations affect performance
   4. D.
      give each pupil a proper rating
4. 4.

   What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?

   1. A.
      Strict training from Higgins
   2. B.
      Her own strong will and hard work
   3. C.
      The proper way she was regarded
   4. D.
      Warm encouragement from Pickering
5. 5.

   According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_________”

   1. A.
      I’m sure you can make it
   2. B.
      I will help you any time
   3. C.
      It is as easy as pie
   4. D.
      It doesn’t matter if you fail

The surprising experiment I am about to describe proves that air is all around you and that it proves down upon you．Air pressure is a wonderful force．When you swim underwater, you can feel water push down your body．The air all around you does the same．However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice this．The pressure is caused by a layer of air called the atmosphere．This layer surrounds the Earth, extending to about five kilometers above the Earth's surface．

The following experiment is an easy one that you can do at home．But make sure that you are supervised, because you will need to use matches．

What you need

·A hard-boiled egg without the shell

·A bottle with a neck slightly smaller than the egg

·A piece of paper

·A match

Method

1）Check that the paper will sit firmly on the neck of the bottle．

2）Tear the paper into strips and put the strips into the bottle．

3）Light the paper by dropping a burning match into the bottle．

4）Quickly sit the egg on the neck of the bottle．

Result

Astonishingly, the egg will be sucked into the bottle．Your friends will be amazed when you show them the experiment．But be careful when you handle matches．

Why it happened

As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen （air）in the bottle．The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside．This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle．The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle．The outside air presses against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! That proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down on it．

Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment?

A．The bottle could break．

B．You need to light the paper with a match．

C．The egg needs to be shelled．

D．The egg has to be perfectly placed on the neck of the bottle．

In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can__．

A．equalize the air pressure inside and outside

B．make a seal in the neck of the bottle

C．finish up the oxygen inside the bottle

D．produce more oxygen inside the bottle

How did the egg put into the bottle?

A．The oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in．

B．It became salt without the shell．

C．The neck of the bottle was wide enough．

D．The outside air pressure forced it into the bottle．

The experiment is carried out to prove ____．

A．water pushes on your body when you swim underwater

B．the earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere

C．the pressure of air around us has a powerful force

D．the air pressure is not equalized around us