阅读理解，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Rene Descartes’ explanation of pain has long been acknowledged in medicine．He proposed that pain is a purely physical phenomenon – that tissue injury makes specific nerves send a signal to the brain, causing the mind to notice pain．The phenomenon, he said, is like pulling on a rope to ring a bell in the brain．It is hard to overstate how deeply fixed this account has become．In medicine, doctors see pain in Descartes’ terms-as a physical process, a sing of tissue injury．

　　The limitations of this explanation, however, have been apparent for some time, since people with obvious injuries sometimes report feeling no pain at all．Later, researchers proposed that Descartes’ model be replaced with what they called the gate control theory of pain．They argued that before pain signals reach the brain, they must first go through a gating mechanism in the spinal cord(脊髓)．In some cases, this imaginary gate could simply step gain signals from getting to the brain．

　　Their most amazing suggestion was that what controlled the gate was not just signals from sensory nerves but also emotions and other “output” from the brain．They were saying that pulling on the rope need not make the bell ring．The bell itself-the mind-could stop it．This theory led to a great deal of research into how such factors as mood, gender, and beliefs influence the experience of pain．In a British study, for example, researchers measured pain threshold and tolerance levels in 53 ballet dancers and 53 university students by using a common measurement：after immersing your hand in body-temperature water for two mintues to establish a baseline condition, you put your hand in a bowl of ice water and start a clock running．You mark the time when it begins to hurt：that is your pain threshold．Then you mark the time when it hurts too much to keep your hand in the water：that is your pain tolerance．The test is always stopped at 120 seconds, to prevent injury．

　　The results were striking．On average female students reported pain at 16 seconds and pulled their hands out of the ice water at 37 seconds．Female dancers were almost three times as long on both counts．Men in both groups had a higher threshold and tolerance for pain, but the difference between mals dancers and mals nondancers was nearly as large．What explains that difference? Probably it has something to do with the psychology of ballet dancers – a group known for self-discipline, physical fitness, and competitiveness, as well as by a high rate of chronic(慢性)injury．Their driven personalities and competitive culture evidently accustom them to pain．Other studies along these lines have shown that outgoing people have greater pain tolerance and that, with training, one can reduce one's sensitivity to pain．

　　There is also striking evidence that very simple kinds of mental suggestion can have powerful effects on pain．In one study of 500 patients undergoing dental procedures, those who were given a placebo injection and promised that it would relieve their pain had the least discomfort-not only less than the patients who got a placebo and were told nothing but also less than the patients who got actual drug without any promise that it would work．

　　Today it is abundantly evident that the brain is actively involved in the experience of pain and is no more bell on a string．Today every medical textbook teaches the gate control theory as fact．There's a problem with it, though．It explains people who have injuries but feel no pain, but it doesn't explain the reverse, which is far more common-the millions of people who experience chronic pain, such as back pain, with no signs of injury whatsoever．So where does the pain come from? The rope and clapper are gone, but the bell is still ringing．

(1)

The primary purpose of the passage is to ________．
[　　]
A．	describe how modern research has updated an old explanation．
B．	support a traditional view with new data．
C．	promote a particular attitude towards physical experience．
D．	suggest a creative treatment for a medical condition．

(2)

Which statement best describes Descartes theory of pain presented in paragraph 1?
[　　]
A．	The brain can shut pain off at will．
B．	The brain plays no part in the body's experience of pain．
C．	Pain can be caused in many different ways．
D．	Pain is an automatic response to bodily injury．

(3)

The author implies that the reason why the gate control was “amazing” was that it ________
[　　]
A．	offered an extremely new and original explanation．
B．	was just opposite to people's everyday experiences．
C．	was grounded in an ridiculous logic．
D．	was so sensible it should have been proposed centuries before．

(4)

The author refers to “chronic back pain” as an example of something that is ________
[　　]
A．	costly, because it troubles millions of people．
B．	puzzling, because it sometimes has no obvious cause．
C．	disappointing, because it does not improve with treatment．
D．	worrying, because it lies beyond the reach of medicine．

(5)

The last sentence of the passage serves mainly to express that ________
[　　]
A．	scientific judgments are difficult to understand．
B．	theoretical investigations are generally useless．
C．	researchers still have a long way to go before the puzzle is made clear．
D．	there is always something puzzling at the heart of science．

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In 2006, the UK government started to allow universities in England and Wales to charge British students tuition fees. More than 80 percent of students in England and Wales now take out a student loan in order to go to university. They use the loan (贷款) to pay for tuition fees, books and living expenses. Although the interest on student loans is quite low, it begins as soon as the student receives the loan. The average student in England and Wales now graduates from university with debts of around £12,000. Students of medicine usually have debts of more than £20,000. That is a lot of money. It means graduates cannot afford to buy a house for many years. They even struggle to pay rent on a flat, because they have to start paying back the student loan after graduating. If you start to earn over £15,000 a year, the government takes repayments directly from your monthly salary. Is it any surprise, therefore, that the average British person does not leave their parents’ home until they are 30 years old?
You might think that a British person with a degree will find it easy to get a well-paid job. However, most people in white-collar jobs seem to have a degree these days, so there is a lot of competition. Also, British companies tend to value work experience over a piece of paper. Like everyone else, graduates usually have to start at the bottom and work their way up. That can be very frustrating for them, since they are often over-qualified for the work they are doing. While at university, they have dreams of getting an exciting, challenging job. Therefore, life after university ends up being quite disappointing for a lot of graduates.
All of the above is beginning to make British people question whether a university degree is really worth the money.
【小题1】What's the best title of this passage?

A．What's a University Education worth in the UK?

B．There is a lot of competition in the UK

C．There won't be any University Place left for British students

D．It doesn't cost students more and more to attend university

【小题2】What's the following is true?

A．University Education is really worth the money in England

B．University Education is worth all over the world except in England

C．British education is becoming more expensive for a majority of British students

D．British students don't like to go to university

【小题3】We can infer from the passage ____

A．The average British person didn't leave their parents' home until they are
35 years old

B．Having a degree doesn't get aBritish person a good job

C．Students are graduating without larger and larger debts.

D．things are easier for students from other countries coming to study

in the UK without money
【小题4】The word "interest" in paragraph2 means_______

A． money paid for a week's work

B． money borrowed from a band

C． a regular monthly salary

D． extra money paid on a loan or bank savings

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In 2006, the UK government started to allow universities in England and Wales to charge British students tuition fees. More than 80 percent of students in England and Wales now take out a student loan in order to go to university. They use the loan (贷款) to pay for tuition fees, books and living expenses.Although the interest on student loans is quite low, it begins as soon as the student receives the loan. The average student in England and Wales now graduates from university with debts of around ?12,000. Students of medicine usually have debts of more than ?20,000. That is a lot of money. It means graduates cannot afford to buy a house for many years. They even struggle to pay rent on a flat, because they have to start paying back the student loan after graduating. If you start to earn over ?15,000 a year, the government takes repayments directly from your monthly salary. Is it any surprise, therefore, that the average British person does not leave their parents’ home until they are 30 years old?

You might think that a British person with a degree will find it easy to get a well-paid job. However, most people in white-collar jobs seem to have a degree these days, so there is a lot of competition. Also, British companies tend to value work experience over a piece of paper. Like everyone else, graduates usually have to start at the bottom and work their way up. That can be very frustrating for them, since they are often over-qualified for the work they are doing. While at university, they have dreams of getting an exciting, challenging job. Therefore, life after university ends up being quite disappointing for a lot of graduates.

　　 All of the above is beginning to make British people question whether a university degree is really worth the money.

67.　 What's the best title of this passage?

　 A. What's a University Education worth in the UK?

　 B. There is a lot of competition in the UK

　 C. There won't be any University Place left for British students

　 D. It doesn't cost students more and more to attend university

68. What's the following is true?　

　 A. University Education is really worth the money in England

　 B. University Education is worth all over the world except in England

　 C. British education is becoming more expensive for a majority of British students　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　 D. British students don't like to go to university

69. We can infer from the passage ____

　 A.The average British person didn't leave their parents' home until they are　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　 35 years old

　 B. Having a degree doesn't get aBritish person a good job

　 C. Students are graduating without larger and larger debts.

　 D. things are easier for students from other countries coming to study

　 in the UK without money

70. The word "interest" in paragraph2 means_______

　 A. money paid for a week's work

　 B. money borrowed from a band

　 C. a regular monthly salary

　 D. extra money paid on a loan or bank savings

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In 2006, the UK government started to allow universities in England and Wales to charge British students tuition fees. More than 80 percent of students in England and Wales now take out a student loan in order to go to university. They use the loan (贷款) to pay for tuition fees, books and living expenses. Although the interest on student loans is quite low, it begins as soon as the student receives the loan. The average student in England and Wales now graduates from university with debts of around £12,000. Students of medicine usually have debts of more than £20,000. That is a lot of money. It means graduates cannot afford to buy a house for many years. They even struggle to pay rent on a flat, because they have to start paying back the student loan after graduating. If you start to earn over £15,000 a year, the government takes repayments directly from your monthly salary. Is it any surprise, therefore, that the average British person does not leave their parents’ home until they are 30 years old?
You might think that a British person with a degree will find it easy to get a well-paid job. However, most people in white-collar jobs seem to have a degree these days, so there is a lot of competition. Also, British companies tend to value work experience over a piece of paper. Like everyone else, graduates usually have to start at the bottom and work their way up. That can be very frustrating for them, since they are often over-qualified for the work they are doing. While at university, they have dreams of getting an exciting, challenging job. Therefore, life after university ends up being quite disappointing for a lot of graduates.
All of the above is beginning to make British people question whether a university degree is really worth the money.

1.
What's the best title of this passage?
1. A.
  What's a University Education worth in the UK?
2. B.
  There is a lot of competition in the UK
3. C.
  There won't be any University Place left for British students
4. D.
  It doesn't cost students more and more to attend university
2.
What's the following is true?
1. A.
  University Education is really worth the money in England
2. B.
  University Education is worth all over the world except in England
3. C.
  British education is becoming more expensive for a majority of British students
4. D.
  British students don't like to go to university
3.
We can infer from the passage ____
1. A.
  The average British person didn't leave their parents' home until they are
  35 years old
2. B.
  Having a degree doesn't get aBritish person a good job
3. C.
  Students are graduating without larger and larger debts.
4. D.
  things are easier for students from other countries coming to study in the UK without money
4.
The word "interest" in paragraph2 means_______
1. A.
  money paid for a week's work
2. B.
  money borrowed from a band
3. C.
  a regular monthly salary
4. D.
  extra money paid on a loan or bank savings

查看习题详情和答案>>

In 2006, the UK government started to allow universities in England and Wales to charge British students tuition fees. More than 80 percent of students in England and Wales now take out a student loan in order to go to university. They use the loan (贷款) to pay for tuition fees, books and living expenses. Although the interest on student loans is quite low, it begins as soon as the student receives the loan. The average student in England and Wales now graduates from university with debts of around £12,000. Students of medicine usually have debts of more than £20,000. That is a lot of money. It means graduates cannot afford to buy a house for many years. They even struggle to pay rent on a flat, because they have to start paying back the student loan after graduating. If you start to earn over £15,000 a year, the government takes repayments directly from your monthly salary. Is it any surprise, therefore, that the average British person does not leave their parents’ home until they are 30 years old?

You might think that a British person with a degree will find it easy to get a well-paid job. However, most people in white-collar jobs seem to have a degree these days, so there is a lot of competition. Also, British companies tend to value work experience over a piece of paper. Like everyone else, graduates usually have to start at the bottom and work their way up. That can be very frustrating for them, since they are often over-qualified for the work they are doing. While at university, they have dreams of getting an exciting, challenging job. Therefore, life after university ends up being quite disappointing for a lot of graduates.

All of the above is beginning to make British people question whether a university degree is really worth the money.

1.What's the best title of this passage?

A．What's a University Education worth in the UK?

B．There is a lot of competition in the UK

C．There won't be any University Place left for British students

D．It doesn't cost students more and more to attend university

2.What's the following is true?

A．University Education is really worth the money in England

B．University Education is worth all over the world except in England

C．British education is becoming more expensive for a majority of British students

D．British students don't like to go to university

3.We can infer from the passage ____

A．The average British person didn't leave their parents' home until they are

35 years old

B．Having a degree doesn't get aBritish person a good job

C．Students are graduating without larger and larger debts.

D．things are easier for students from other countries coming to study

in the UK without money

4.The word "interest" in paragraph2 means_______

A． money paid for a week's work

B． money borrowed from a band

C． a regular monthly salary

D． extra money paid on a loan or bank savings

查看习题详情和答案>>

What's the best title of this passage?

What's the following is true?

We can infer from the passage ____

The word "interest" in paragraph2 means_______

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