阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16—25的相应位置上。

Although it could not compete with the speed of email today, the 1800’s experienced a revolution in communication that played an important role in creating the tradition of the Christmas greeting card. __1.__(help) by the new railway system, the public postal service made corresponding a popular past time. In England, Sir Henry Cole recognized the advantage of __2._more efficient mail service and initiated (开始) the practice of sending Christmas greeting cards __3.__ friends. 

The first card __4.__ (design) by J.C. Horsley as a commercial endeavor(尝试,努力). One thousand copies were sold in London, __5.__ soon others followed suit. An English __6. (art), William Egley, produced a popular card in 1849. Louis Prang, a German born printer, working from _7.__ shop in Massachusetts, printed his first American cards in 1875. Even more __8.__ (importance) than his printing was the fact __9._ he did more than anyone else to popularize the cards by instituting nationwide contests for the best Christmas designs, __10._ were awarded cash prizes.

Directions: Complete the following sentences according to the requirement.

1.The sunshine reflects on the lakes, which makes them shine like diamonds. (改为含分词结构的句子，不改变原意)

2.His hard work wins him respect from others. (使用强调句型改写)

3.People who had discovered how to stay young forever lived in this perfect world. (改倒装句)

4.Don’t forget small things, such as waterproof matches. You may need them to make a fire.

(使用定语从句改写句子)

5.People often say a friend in need is a friend indeed. (使用it句型改写)

第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

What will the city of the future look like? No one knows for sure, and (26) ____________ (make) predictions is a risky business. But one thing is certain—they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural (27)____________ (resource) run out. We will use lots of (28) ____________       (recycle) materials, such as plastic, aluminium, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more (29) ____________ alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, (30) ____________ there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain.

B

Public transport (31) ____________ (provide) a cheap way to get around in Beijing. There are 20,000 buses and (32) ____________ (trolleybus) in Beijing, but they can get very (33) ____________ (crowd). It’s a good idea to avoid public transport during the (34) ____________ hour (6：30 am - 8：00 am and 5：00 pm - 6：30 pm). Fares are cheap, (35) ____________ (start) at 1 yuan.  Air-conditioned buses cost more.

C

We use “learned” body language when we are (36) ____________ (introduce) to strangers. Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to (37) ____________ (relax). So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not (38) ____________ (aggress). Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands. They do this with the right hand—the (39) ____________ (strong) hand for most people. If our right hand is busy (40) ____________ (greet) someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.

D

We left the docks (41) ____________ a beautiful afternoon. The sun was shining (42) ____________ (bright) as we sailed downstream through a hilly region. Men (43) ____________ (ride) bamboo rafts along the river’s edge and coal boats went past. As the sun set we docked at Fengdu. We could see the sun (44) ____________ (set) behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful.

We slept through the first gorge, (45) ____________ is called the Qutang Gorge. 

阅读下文，完成文后各题。

“进化”不了的爱

孙君飞

进化论包含着残酷的丛林法则，也隐含着生命的自私自利性。一个生命个体要想很好地生存下去，必须要将自己变得更优秀，学会“排他”，否则优胜劣汰的只能是自己。不过，人们在观察工蜂时，惊讶地发现，它们并未受到进化论的影响，它们混沌若当初，或者说它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神，这使它们成为生命进化中的另类。

工蜂属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂，即便能够产卵，也只是没有受精的卵，因此它们自身没有繁殖能力。这种缺陷可怕而又不幸，然而工蜂对此无动于衷，甘愿终身携带着缺陷而生，从未奢望将自身进化得更完美更强悍。值得称道的是，工蜂的适应性反而很强大，它们拥有相当厉害的武器——毒刺，刺上长有倒钩，一旦“亮剑”就不能回收利用。工蜂的毒刺是不折不扣的双刃剑，在伤及侵害者的同时，自己的生命也面临着终结。

蜜蜂家族中令人难以置信的社会结构更加震惊着世人的心灵，在这里一切都那么井然有序，合乎“法则”，一切又那么一往情深，合乎“生命之爱”。蜜蜂的利他主义行为也许会让达尔文难以理解，失去繁殖能力却能够将各种特征和习性一代代传承下去的工蜂可能更让达尔文目瞪口呆吧。答案其实很简单，一切都源于蜜蜂与众不同的遗传结构。换言之，存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强，只有它们才会驱使工蜂去鞠躬尽瘁地照顾其它跟自己具有相同基因的生命，甚至为对方牺牲自己，却无怨无悔。

蜂后产下的受精卵天生高贵，常常会孵化出雌性幼蜂，而延续高贵的办法只有一个：它们只有食用了工蜂分泌的蜂王浆之后，才能发育成具有生殖能力的小蜂后，否则它们在长大后依然属于工蜂——从出生时开始，便将生命献给蜂群、终日辛劳的工蜂！

由于小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同，从身形外貌上看，彼此也几乎一模一样，这也许使工蜂顿感一阵甜蜜而幸福、神圣而自豪的恍然：站在我面前的，莫不是又一个“我”？我由此获得了新生，得到了永恒……工蜂在含辛茹苦喂养小蜂后的过程中，彼此的血缘关系升至最亲密最牢固。它们原本不是毫不相关的两个，而是见证生命延续、利他友爱的两个。因为相同的基因存活在它们的生命之中，工蜂在潜意识里将蜂后看得比自己的生命更为重要，为了对方、也为了另一个“我”和“我们”，它们可以在必要时完全放弃自己现实的生命及其未来。

（选自在《思维与智慧》有删节）

下列关于“工蜂”的表述，不符合原文意思的一项是

  A．作为生命个体，工蜂的生命隐含着自私自利性，要想不被淘汰，它必须将自己变得更优秀，学会“排他”。   

  B．工蜂之所以成为生命进化中的另类，是因为它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神，并未受到进化论的影响。   

  C．工蜂的适应性很强，尾部长有倒钩的毒刺是相当厉害的武器，在伤及侵害者的同时，工蜂的生命也意味着终结。   

  D．从出生开始，就为蜂群而终日辛劳的工蜂，能把各种特征和习性一代代传承下去，靠的是与众不同的遗传结构。

下列有关“蜜蜂繁殖"的表述，符合原文意思的一项是

  A．蜂后是具有生殖能力的雌性蜂，产下的受精卵天生高贵，孵化出雌性幼蜂，幼蜂长大以后就成为新一代蜂后。

  B．工蜂自身没有繁殖能力，属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂，即便能够产卵，也只是没有受精的卵，不能孵化幼蜂。

  C．存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强，它驱使工蜂分泌蜂王浆，鞠躬尽瘁地照顾和自己具有相同基因的“孩子”。

  D．蜂后负责产卵，工蜂负责喂养幼蜂，因而小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同，身形外貌上也几乎一模一样。

下列根据原文信息所作的推断，不正确的一项是

  A．采粉、酿蜜、饲喂幼虫的工蜂是蜂群的主体，儿歌唱的“小蜜蜂，整天忙，采花蜜，酿蜜糖”，指的就是工蜂。

  B．蜜蜂家族一切都井然有序，合乎“法则”，合乎“生命之爱”，人类如果借鉴了这种社会结构．可能会更有利于社会和谐。

  C．为了蜂后和后代，工蜂不惜牺牲自己，是因为它们有奉献精神，潜意识里将蜂后和后代看得比自己的生命更重要。

  D．工蜂一生从事的是利他的事业，而不是优化自己的结构来繁衍后代，从这一点来看，    达尔文的进化论“适者生存”不科学。

（3）完形填空

Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.

     The current approach which     21     on younger people and on skills for employment is not      22    to meet the challenge of demographic (人口结构的) change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is currently spent on the oldest of the population.

　　 The      23     include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in      24     , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and 11.3 million people are over state pension age.

　　“      25    needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources on young people cannot meet the new      26    ” says the report’s author, Professor Stephen.

　　The major portion of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. When people are changing their jobs, home , partners and lifestyles more often than ever , they need opportunities to learn at every age.      27    , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later.

　　People need opportunities to make a “midlife review”to     28     to the later stage of employed life and to plan for the transition (过渡) to retirement, which may now happen    29                         at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.

　　And there should be more money      30     to support people in establishing a sense of identity and finding constructive roles for the “ third age”, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.

21. A) operates       B) focuses      C) counts     D) depends

22. A) superior       B) regular      C) essential    D) adequate

23. A)regulations     B) obstacles     C) challenges  D) guidelines

24. A)enjoyment     B) retirement     C) stability    D) inability

25. A) Identifying    B) Learning      C) Instructing   D) Practicing

26. A) desires       B) aims                 C) needs       D) intentions

27. A) For example   B) By contras    C) In particular     D) On average

28. A) transform     B) yield          C) adjust      D) suit

29 .A) unfairly      B) unpredictably    C) instantly   D) indirectly

30. A) reliable      B) considerable     C) available   D) feasible