根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项
为多余选项。
Any car accident is frightening, but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water, with you trapped inside, is absolutely terrifying.   【小题1】  However, most deaths result from panic, without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water. By adopting a brace(支撑) position, acting decisively and getting out fast, you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle.
Brace yourself for impact (撞击力). As soon as you're aware that you're going off the road and into a body of water, adopt a brace position. The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle, so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the "ten and two" position.
Undo your seatbelt.   【小题2】  Unbuckle the children, starting with the oldest first. Forget the cell phone call. Your car isn't going to wait for you to make the call.
  【小题3】  Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window. A car's electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water, so try the method of opening it electronically first. Many people don't think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking.
Break the window. If you aren't able to open the window, or it only opens halfway, you'll need to break it with an object or your foot. It may feel counter-intuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car.   【小题4】 
Escape when the car has equalized. If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced, you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival.   【小题5】  While there is still air in the car, take slow, deep breaths and focus on what you're doing.
Open the window as soon as you hit the water.
Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think.
It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually.
Such accidents are particularly dangerous to the risk of drowning.
In conclusion, if you know what to do in the water, you will be safe.
This is the first thing to attend to, yet it often gets forgotten in the panic.
But the sooner the window is open, the sooner you can escape directly through it.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 （请把本题答案涂在答题卡上，若所用的答题卡没有E、F、G选项，则选E涂为AB，选F涂为AC，选G涂为AD。）
Any car accident is frightening, but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water, with you trapped inside, is absolutely terrifying.   1  However, most deaths result from panic, without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water. By adopting a brace (支撑) position, acting decisively and getting out fast, you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle.
Brace yourself for impact (撞击力). As soon as you're aware that you're going off the road and into a body of water, adopt a brace position. The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle, so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the "ten and two" position.
Undo your seatbelt.   2  Untie the children, starting with the oldest first. Forget the cell phone call. Your car isn't going to wait for you to make the call.
  3  Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window. A car's electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water, so try the method of opening it electronically first. Many people don't think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking.
Break the window. If you aren't able to open the window, or it only opens halfway, you'll need to break it with an object or your foot. It may feel counter-intuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car.   4    
Escape when the car has equalized. If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced, you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival.   5  While there is still air in the car, take slow, deep breaths and focus on what you're doing.
A. Open the window as soon as you hit the water.
B. Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think.
C. It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually.
D. Such accidents are particularly dangerous to the risk of drowning.
E. In conclusion, if you know what to do in the water, you will be safe.
F. This is the first thing to attend to, yet it often gets forgotten in the panic.
G. But the sooner the window is open, the sooner you can escape directly through it.

Watch a baby between six and nine months old,and you will observe the basic idea of geometry（几何学）being learned.Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three dimensional（空间的）,it reaches out and begins grasping various things,that the ideas of sets and numbers are formed.So far,so good.But now an ominous development takes place.The nerver fibers in the brain separate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very exactly.Soon it picks up language.And it is then brought into direct communication with grown-ups.From this point on,it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics,because the child now becomes exposed to all the rubbish words and beliefs of the born.Nature,having done very well by the child to this point,having permitted it the luxury（奢侈）of thinking for itself for eighteen months,now gives it up to the unreasonable conventions（惯例）and beliefs of society.But at least the child knows something of geometry and peaceful days,no matter what vicissitudes（兴衰变迁）it may suffer later on.The main reservoir of mathematical ability in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old,children who have just learned to speak freely.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A.The impact（影响）of language on mathematics.

B.Children’s ability to learn languages.

C.How basic ideas of physics are learned?

D.Maths-learning strategies（策略）for babies.

According to the passage,which of the following activities would teach a baby about geometry?

A.Picking up a wooden block.                           B.Recognizing the number 2.

C.Saying a rubbish word.                                  D.Looking at a distant word.

Which of the following conclusions is true according to the writer?

A.The language ideas used in early education interrupt mathematical reasoning.

B.It is hopeless to try to teach children mathematics after the age of two.

C.Language teaching should join some mathematical formulas（公式）.

D.Preschool education should emphasize society’s beliefs and conventions.

A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.

??? China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.

??? While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, "the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy," said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of 一Technology. "This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（含量），，，Greenstone said in an email. "Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people's exposure over long time periods," he said.

??? The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Riv饥which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though discontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遗留） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China's north differently from the south.

??? The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（悬浮的）particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.

??? The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000． They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.

1.The main idea of this passage is that＿·

A. research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancy

B．the government provided free coal for heating in North China

C．coal burning causes bad air quality across China

D. a new study finds different particulates in South China

2.According to Greenstone,＿greatly contributed to the high pollution concentrations in North China.

A. power stations B. construction sites

C. the free heating policy D. gases from vehicles

3.It is implied in the passage that＿·

A. coal is no longer used for heating in North China

B．air quality was comparatively better in South China

C. southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980s

D．people preferred to live in South China after 1980

4.The underlined word "particulates" most probably means＿．

A. dirty clouds B. particular smoke

C. harmful dust D. dangerous bacteria

Scientists believe that conditions on Mars around 3.8 billion years ago were very similar to those of the early earth, when primitive organisms were spreading through our oceans. At that time, Mars would have been much warmer and wetter than it is today, with an atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, just like that of the earth at the time. Under these conditions, it is highly probable that life may have arisen on Mars as well.

  But, even if life did not arise naturally on Mars, it does not mean that it could not have existed there. According to Professor Paul Davies of the University of Adelaide, Australia, life forms could have been transferred between the earth and Mars in wreckage (broke pieces) created by the impact of comet(彗星) and small planets on the surface of the two planets.

  Even today, about 500 tons of material from Mars lands on earth every year. It is mainly in the form of the dust but occasionally a larger chunk(厚片，大块) strikes the earth. In 1911, a piece of Martian rock crashed in Egypt, killing a dog. According to Professor Davies, it is in these chunks of rock, which were much larger and more frequent in the past that life forms could have been transported from planet to planet.

  “But how could these life forms have survived their journey through space?” says Paul Davies, “The difficulty in believing this theory is that a bacterium on its own in space has to struggle itself not only against cold but also against deadly cosmic (宇宙的) radiation. But wrapped in a rock the situation is different. A rock ten meters across would shield life inside it from a lot of radiation and the temperature might only be minus 10 or 20 degrees, the sort of thing we have on earth.”

Where do some scientists suppose life probably come from? (2’) (No more than 6 words)

What does Professor Paul Davies believe? (2’) (No more than 6 words)

Why could life survive when transferred from one planet to another? (3’) (No more than 12 words)

List at least two differences about Mars between the past and now. (3’) (No more than 16 words)