题目内容

A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.

??? China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.

??? While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, "the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy," said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations(含量),,,Greenstone said in an email. "Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people's exposure over long time periods," he said.

??? The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Rivwhich divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though discontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy(遗留) in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China's north differently from the south.

??? The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended(悬浮的)particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.

??? The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000 They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meteror 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.

1.The main idea of this passage is that_·

A. research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancy

Bthe government provided free coal for heating in North China

Ccoal burning causes bad air quality across China

D. a new study finds different particulates in South China

2.According to Greenstone,_greatly contributed to the high pollution concentrations in North China.

A. power stations B. construction sites

C. the free heating policy D. gases from vehicles

3.It is implied in the passage that_·

A. coal is no longer used for heating in North China

Bair quality was comparatively better in South China

C. southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980s

Dpeople preferred to live in South China after 1980

4.The underlined word "particulates" most probably means_.

A. dirty clouds B. particular smoke

C. harmful dust D. dangerous bacteria

 

【答案】

1.A

2.C

3.B

4.C

【解析】

试题分析:这篇文章讲的是中国的研究发现空气污染缩短人的寿命。北方的人的平均寿命低于南方,就是因为北方的空气污染要比南方严重。

1.主旨题:从全篇文章和第一段的句子:A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China.可知这篇文章讲的是中国的研究发现空气污染缩短人的寿命。选A

2.细节题:从文章第四段的句子:"This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the (heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations(含量)可知根据Greenstone 所说,免费供暖政策很大程度上导致中国北方的污染含量高的问题。选C

3.推理题:从文章第二段的句子:Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.可知中国南方的空气质量相对好一些。选B

4.猜词题:从倒数第二段的句子:In China, those are considered to beparticulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including powerstations, construction sites and vehicles.可知"particulates" 指的是有害的灰尘,选C

考点:考查健康类短文

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  Tattoos(纹身)and body piercings(穿洞)have moved up on the trend list in recent years.Around Western schools lots of teens are sporting new holes and flesh ink.Like all other subjects, we'll surely be faced with such situation.To get a better view of what has happened in the West, let's sit down and hear what they say.

  Kerstin Otto from Washington:

  The hotter it gets and the more layers of clothing disappear, the more tattoos and piercings appear on various places of the human body, I wouldn't be caught dead with a snake tattooed on my ankle or with a piece of metal stuck in my belly button.

  Erin from Indiana:

  I think body piercing is cool.In most situations, you don't really have to worry about it getting torn out.I go to Noblesville High School.I am a sophomore(that is the l0th grade).Body piercing can be cool, only if it is not taken to too much of an extent.I would not want to get my nose pierced, just because I think I'll look bad.But that is my personal opinion.I guess that type of thing is a cultural difference.

  Tiara from Indiana:

  I personally think body piercing is sickening.If there were supposed to be holes in your body, you would have been born with them.I do, however, think that ear piercing, is not wrong.There is a difference between ear piercing and belly button piercing.Ear piercing is not nearly as dangerous.I would be sick if someone stuck a needle in my belly button.

  Lee from Illinois:

  Hi!I live in Illinois.I am 23.I have 12 tattoos and three piercings.I love my tattoos and consider myself an art collector.You would be surprised at who has given me the thumbs-up on my art work.People on the street stop me to look at that on my leg.Most of them don't know what it is.They just think the work itself is great.

  Subotai from California:

  I'm not prohibitive(禁止)of self-expression, but when I see high school students getting these piercings, I really wonder.In some cases, the drive is deeper and darker than mere fashion.A friend of mine tried piercing her own tongue with a safety pin.It got infected and she had a tongue the size of a cow's.

  Nagib from Washington:

  I wanted an earring.My friends had them and it looked like a cool thing.I wanted to get a nose ring, but my mum wouldn't let me.Now I'm glad I didn't get it.I just wanted a little stud, but I wouldn't have looked good with it.

  Jackson from Ohio:

  I don't think it's wrong, but when people do it all over the place like their face and everything -I think that's ridiculous.People who get the big dragons that cover your whole body-I don't think that's necessary.When I see naked chicks on guys, I think.“You have no respect for women.”

  Brittney from New York:

  You don't want to do stuff to your body.You don t need to do that because you were made perfect.You don't need to add piercings.If it will make you feel beautiful and you really feel like you need to do it for yourself, then okay.If it really makes a big difference impacting your self-esteem and how you are towards others, then do it.But otherwise, don't mess with what you got.Maybe you should try something more substantial(充实的)to find beauty in yourself.

(1)

Who is wholeheartedly lost in tattoos and piercing?

[  ]

A.

Tiara

B.

Erin

C.

Nagib.

D.

Lee.

(2)

Who doesn't think tattoos and piercing are beautiful?

[  ]

A.

Jackson.

B.

Brittney.

C.

Tiara.

D.

Nagib.

(3)

We can conclude that ________.

[  ]

A.

tattoos and piercing are a new kind of elegant art

B.

all the teachers in the West are in favor of tattoos and piercing

C.

everything is changeable with time going on

D.

it is necessary to live with all different views of beauty

(4)

The best title for this passage is probably ________.

[  ]

A.

Body Art or Damage

B.

Damage to the Youth's Body

C.

Young People's Different Curiosities

D.

A Great Anxiety About Young People


B
Piercings(穿洞)have moved up on the trend list in recent Tattoos(纹身)and body years. Around Western schools lots of teens are sporting new holes and flesh ink. Like all other subjects, we’ll surely be faced with such situation. To get a better view of what has happened in the West, let’s sit down and hear what they say.
Kerstin Otto from Washington:
The hotter it gets and the more layers of clothing disappear, the more tattoos and piercings appear on various places of the human body, I wouldn’t be caught dead with a snake tattooed on my ankle or with a piece of metal stuck in my belly button.
Tiara from Indiana:
I personally think body piercing is sickening. If there were supposed to be holes in your body, you would have been born with them. I do, however, think that ear piercing, is not wrong.  There is a difference between ear piercing and belly button piercing. Ear piercing is not nearly as dangerous. I would be sick if someone stuck a needle in my belly button.
Lee from Illinois:
Hi! I live in Illinois. I am 23. I have 12 tattoos and three piercings. I love my tattoos
and consider myself an art collector. You would be surprised at who has given me the thumbs-up on my art work. People on the street stop me to look at that on my leg. Most of them don’t know what it is. They just think the work itself is great.
Nagib from Washington:
I wanted an earring. My friends had them and it looked like a cool thing. I wanted to get a nose ring, but my mum wouldn’t let me. Now I’m glad I didn’t get it. I just wanted a little stud, but I wouldn’t have looked good with it.
Jackson from Ohio:
I don’t think it’s wrong, but when people do it all over the place like their face and everything —I think that’s ridiculous. People who get the big dragons that cover your whole body—I don’t think that’s necessary. When I see naked chicks on guys, I think. “You have no respect for women.”
Brittney from New York:
You don’t want to do stuff to your body. You don t need to do that because you were made perfect. You don’t need to add piercings. If it will make you feel beautiful and you really feel like you need to do it for yourself, then okay. If it really makes a big difference impacting your self-esteem and how you are towards others, then do it. But otherwise, don’t mess with what you got. Maybe you should try something more substantial(充实的)to find beauty in yourself.
60. Who is wholeheartedly lost in tattoos and piercing?
A. Tiara           B. Kerstin           C. Nagib.           D. Lee.
61. Who doesn’t think tattoos and piercing are beautiful?
A. Jackson.          B. Brittney.           C. Tiara.           D. Nagib.
62. We can conclude that ________.
A. tattoos and piercing are a new kind of elegant art
B. all the teachers in the West are in favor of tattoos and piercing
C. everything is changeable with time going on
D. it is necessary to live with all different views of beauty
63. The best title for this passage is probably _________.
A. Body Art or Damage                    B. Damage to the Youth’s Body
C. Young People’s Different Curiosities       D. A Great Anxiety About Young People

At EF – English First, we aim to provide the best English language training program and teachers are at the heart of our leaning system. EF has over 100 schools in 60 cities throughout China, and it is well – known in China. EF is looking for native English speakers with teaching experience to help Chinese people learn English well. Our English teaching principles focus on practice, confidence building and practical application of the language. While teaching English with EF, you will continue to develop as a teaching professional and experience life in this great nation.
As soon as you walk into an EF school, you will understand why creating a welcoming learning environment is important to how we teach English. Our schools have well – equipped, modern classrooms, computer labs, and teaching preparation arcas. Our teachers receive a complete modern teaching program, popular classroom – based training to prepare them to teach to our high standards.
A professional package for an international teaching professional.
Our package includes:
◆High salary                                                 ◆Flight payment
◆Health insurance                                        ◆Living place & food help
◆Generous paid vacation + national holidays ◆Working visa (签证)
◆Help upon arrival                               ◆Teacher training & development
◆Chances of being raised to higher ranks
Set up in 1965 with they duty to “break down difficulties in language, culture and geography”, EF has helped over 15 million stud tens, learn a new language and travel in foreign countries. EF was the Official Language Training Services Supplier of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and one of the largest employers of English teachers in China. EF works in one of today’s fastest growing industries – education – and promises teachers a chance to make a real difference.
【小题1】What does EF stand for?

A.English Farm.B.English First.C.English Fit.D.English Fact.
【小题2】Where will the teachers at EF schools work?
A.In 60 cities in China.B.In the middle of China.
C.In 100 cities in China.D.In the countryside of China.
【小题3】What kind of person can probably the chosen as a teacher by EF?
A.A native Frenchman with working visa.
B.A native Englishman who lived in China.
C.A native American who wants to help others.
D.A native English speaker with teaching experience.
【小题4】The professional package includes the following EXCEPT          .
A.medical insuranceB.high salary
C.unemployment insuranceD.help when arriving
【小题5】What is the main idea of the last paragraph?[
A.It is about EF – English First.
B.It is about traveling in foreign countries.
C.It is about the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.
D.It is about difficulties in language, culture and geography.

At EF – English First, we aim to provide the best English language training program and teachers are at the heart of our leaning system. EF has over 100 schools in 60 cities throughout China, and it is well – known in China. EF is looking for native English speakers with teaching experience to help Chinese people learn English well. Our English teaching principles focus on practice, confidence building and practical application of the language. While teaching English with EF, you will continue to develop as a teaching professional and experience life in this great nation.

As soon as you walk into an EF school, you will understand why creating a welcoming learning environment is important to how we teach English. Our schools have well – equipped, modern classrooms, computer labs, and teaching preparation arcas. Our teachers receive a complete modern teaching program, popular classroom – based training to prepare them to teach to our high standards.

A professional package for an international teaching professional.

Our package includes:

◆High salary                                                 ◆Flight payment

◆Health insurance                                        ◆Living place & food help

◆Generous paid vacation + national holidays ◆Working visa (签证)

◆Help upon arrival                               ◆Teacher training & development

◆Chances of being raised to higher ranks

Set up in 1965 with they duty to “break down difficulties in language, culture and geography”, EF has helped over 15 million stud tens, learn a new language and travel in foreign countries. EF was the Official Language Training Services Supplier of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and one of the largest employers of English teachers in China. EF works in one of today’s fastest growing industries – education – and promises teachers a chance to make a real difference.

1.What does EF stand for?

       A.English Farm.      B.English First.       C.English Fit.          D.English Fact.

2.Where will the teachers at EF schools work?

       A.In 60 cities in China.                              B.In the middle of China.

       C.In 100 cities in China.                            D.In the countryside of China.

3.What kind of person can probably the chosen as a teacher by EF?

      A.A native Frenchman with working visa.

       B.A native Englishman who lived in China.

       C.A native American who wants to help others.

       D.A native English speaker with teaching experience.

4.The professional package includes the following EXCEPT          .

       A.medical insurance                                 B.high salary

       C.unemployment insurance                      D.help when arriving  

5.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?[

       A.It is about EF – English First.

       B.It is about traveling in foreign countries.

       C.It is about the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

       D.It is about difficulties in language, culture and geography.

 

Tattoos(纹身) and body piercing(穿洞) have moved up on the trend list in recent years. Around Western schools lots of teens are sporting new holes and flesh ink. Like all other subjects, we’ll surely be faced with such situation. To get a better view of what has happened in the West, let’s sit down and hear what they say.

Kerstin Otto from Washington:

The hotter it gets and the more layers of clothing disappear, the more tattoos and piercing appear on various places of the human body, I wouldn’t be caught dead with a snake tattooed on my ankle or with a piece of metal stuck in my belly button.

Erin from Indiana:

I think body piercing is cool. In most situations, you don’t really have to worry about it getting torn out. I go to Noblesville High School. I am a sophomore (that is the l0th grade). Body piercing can be cool, only if it is not taken to too much of an extent. I would not want to get my nose pierced, just because I think I’ll look bad. But that is my personal opinion. I guess that type of thing is a cultural difference.

Tiara from Indiana:

I personally think body piercing is sickening. If there were supposed to be holes in your body, you would have been born with them. I do, however, think that ear piercing, is not wrong.  There is a difference between ear piercing and belly button piercing. Ear piercing is not nearly as dangerous. I would be sick if someone stuck a needle in my belly button.

Lee from Illinois:

Hi! I live in Illinois. I am 23.I have 12 tattoos and three piercing. I love my tattoos and consider myself an art collector. You would be surprised at who has given me the thumbs-up on my art work. People on the street stop me to look at that on my leg. Most of them don’t know what it is. They just think the work itself is great.

Subotai from California:

I’m not prohibitive(禁止)of self-expression, but when I see high school students getting these piercings, I really wonder. In some cases, the drive is deeper and darker than mere fashion. A friend of mine tried piercing her own tongue with a safety pin. It got infected and she had a tongue the size of a cow’s.

Nagib from Washington:

I wanted an earring. My friends had them and it looked like a cool thing. I wanted to get a nose ring, but my mum wouldn’t let me. Now I’m glad I didn’t get it. I just wanted a little stud, but I wouldn’t have looked good with it.

Jackson from Ohio:

I don’t think it’s wrong, but when people do it all over the place like their face and everything —I think that’s ridiculous. People who get the big dragons that cover your whole body—I don’t think that’s necessary. When I see naked chicks on guys, I think. “You have no respect for women.”

Brittany from New York:

You don’t want to do stuff to your body. You don t need to do that because you were made perfect. You don’t need to add piercing. If it will make you feel beautiful and you really feel like you need to do it for yourself, then okay. If it really makes a big difference impacting your self-esteem and how you are towards others, then do it. But otherwise, don’t mess with what you got. Maybe you should try something more substantial(充实的) to find beauty in yourself.

1.Who is wholeheartedly lost in tattoos and piercing?

       A.Tiara                   B.Erin                    C.Nagib.                 D.Lee.

2.Who doesn’t think tattoos and piercing are beautiful?

       A.Jackson.             B.Brittany.              C.Tiara.                 D.Nagy.

3.We can conclude that ________.

       A.tattoos and piercing are a new kind of elegant art

       B.all the teachers in the West are in favor of tattoos and piercing

       C.everything is changeable with time going on

       D.it is necessary to live with all different views of beauty

4.The best title for this passage is probably _________.

       A.Body Art or Damage

       B.Damage to the Youth’s Body

      C.Young People’s Different Curiosities

       D.A Great Anxiety About Young People

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