A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.

The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.

Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.

“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.

The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.

“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”

1.What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．Four categories of heavy drinkers.

B．Heavy drinking affects college students.

C．Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making.

D．People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers.

2.Which category would make the most disadvantageous choice?

A．Low binge drinkers                      B．moderate binge drinkers

C．Increasing binge drinkers                 D．Stable binge drinkers

3.Early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development because _______.

A．adolescent students were not suitable for drinking

B．drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain

C．the brain has not fully developed during adolescence

D．drinking will make the students make dangerous choices

4.What Kenneth J. Sher says suggests that _______.

A．he is quite clear about what the important issue is

B．if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effect

C．the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-making

D．only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected

A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.
The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.
Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.
“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.
The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.
“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”
【小题1】What does the passage mainly tell us?

A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.
The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.
Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.
“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.
The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.
“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”

1. 1.

   What does the passage mainly tell us?

   1. A.
      Four categories of heavy drinkers
   2. B.
      Heavy drinking affects college students
   3. C.
      Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making
   4. D.
      People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers
2. 2.

   Which category would make the most disadvantageous choice?

   1. A.
      Low binge drinkers
   2. B.
      moderate binge drinkers
   3. C.
      Increasing binge drinkers
   4. D.
      Stable binge drinkers
3. 3.

   Early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development because _______

   1. A.
      adolescent students were not suitable for drinking
   2. B.
      drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain
   3. C.
      the brain has not fully developed during adolescence
   4. D.
      drinking will make the students make dangerous choices
4. 4.

   What Kenneth J. Sher says suggests that _______

   1. A.
      he is quite clear about what the important issue is
   2. B.
      if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effect
   3. C.
      the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-making
   4. D.
      only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected

I realized that I was getting cold, and felt it was probably time to go back to the apartment, so I put my collar up against the wind and began to walk back up the cold street. I managed to get some food from a vendor（小贩）, and walked on.

About twenty-five minutes later I knew that something was wrong. It was getting very, very cold, there were no streetlights, and the hill I was hoping to see on my right was nowhere in sight.  There was almost no light except for mysterious red crosses shining from the tops of churches, and I was beginning to get worried.  To cut a long story short, I had walked the wrong way from a crossroads, and had wandered miles in the wrong direction. My head was aching from the cold, and I couldn’t think straight. Turing around, I started back, and a long time later was outside the house I had set off from. It was at about that time I realized that I had a gate key but no house key.  How happy I was when I found that the front door was open—my only piece of good luck that day.  My apartment was of course locked, my head felt like it was about to explode, and my hands and feet were freezing.

I tried turning the handle.  No luck.  I tried another key from England.  I wanted to avoid waking the family downstairs, so despite the fear of an early death from cold, I couldn’t break the door down.  What would my hosts think? I pulled an ATM card from my pocket and forced it alongside the inside of the lock. I didn’t think it would work, but after fifteen minutes of trying, I heard a click.  Another couple of minutes later the door was open.  Relieved, I took off my clothes in the dark and got into bed.

The purpose of the passage is mainly to            .

A. tell us how difficult it is living abroad

B. show us how terrible the weather was

C. tell us an unusual experience abroad

D. show us how afraid the author was

What made the author find he had walked the wrong way?

A. He didn’t see the house.

B. A vendor reminded him.

C. The street name reminded him.

D. He didn’t see the hill.

What can we learn from the passage?

A. The front door was closed.

B. The house had many locks.

C. The author woke the hosts.

D. The author came from England.

From the passage we can infer that the author was            .

A. careful       B. careless             C. excited                    D. annoying

How would you like an easy way to earn 2,500 dollars? All you have to do is to sit around and wait for your meals．There’s catch, however．You have to stay in a chicken cage with a stranger for a whole week．There are no books or television or radio for amusement．You can’t leave until the week is up．And a camera will be recording your every move．

Two people actually took the job．The idea came from Rob Thompson, a video artist．He wanted to make a film about the way animals are treated．His goal was to raise people’s awareness of the living conditions of animals that are raised for food．He decided to pay $ 5000 out of his own savings to two people who were willing to lie like chicken for a week．

To Rob’s surprise, quite a few people answered his advertisement．He had interviews and selected Eric, a 24-year-old restaurant worker, and Pam, a 27-year-old chemist．The plan was for them to spend seven days together in a chicken cage that was six feet long and three feet wide．A camera would record their experience, which would take place in an art museum．

The week was long and difficult．They slept on a hard wooden floor．They couldn’t stand up without banging（重击）their heads．They ate vegetarian mash（土豆泥）and drank water from a garden hosepipe（水龙头软管）．Their only privacy was a toilet surrounded by a curtain．There were no sinks, mirrors, or toothbrushes in the cage．Their only inspiration was the two framed checks that hung on the wall outside the cage．Visitors who came here were warned, “Do not food the humans．”

Finally it was over, Pam and Eric emerged from their cage．They had survived the week, and they each had a $2,500 check in their hands．When Rob Thompson opened the cage, Eric came out, changed into clean clothes, and ate a chocolate bar right away．“It’s great to be able to stand up,” he said．Pam just changed her clothes and left．After a week of visitors and reporters watching her, she didn’t want to talk to anyone．

What kind of person is Rob Thompson?

       A．He is curious about people’s personal life．

       B．He is kind-hearted to animals．

       C．He hates people around．      

       D．He likes to help poor people．

What made it most difficult for the two to stay in the cage?

       A．They didn’t know each other．     

       B．They couldn’t lie down to sleep in the cage．

       C．They didn’t have meat to eat．     

       D．They had to do almost everything under others’ eyes．

Rob offered the money because he wanted________．

       A．to see if there were any people who would like to live in a cage

       B．to show the public how bitter animals’ life could be

       C．to make more money by publishing the recorded video tapes

       D．to improve housing conditions of working people like Eric

Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

       A．Easy Way to Earn $ 2 500．          B．Do Not Feed the Humans．

       C．Living Like a Chicken．                D．Getting Along Well Anyway．