Question

A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.
The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.
Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.
“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.
The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.
“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”

1. 1.
   What does the passage mainly tell us?
   1. A.
      Four categories of heavy drinkers
   2. B.
      Heavy drinking affects college students
   3. C.
      Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making
   4. D.
      People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers
2. 2.
   Which category would make the most disadvantageous choice?
   1. A.
      Low binge drinkers
   2. B.
      moderate binge drinkers
   3. C.
      Increasing binge drinkers
   4. D.
      Stable binge drinkers
3. 3.
   Early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development because _______
   1. A.
      adolescent students were not suitable for drinking
   2. B.
      drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain
   3. C.
      the brain has not fully developed during adolescence
   4. D.
      drinking will make the students make dangerous choices
4. 4.
   What Kenneth J. Sher says suggests that _______
   1. A.
      he is quite clear about what the important issue is
   2. B.
      if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effect
   3. C.
      the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-making
   4. D.
      only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected

Answer 1

CDCA
试题分析：文章介绍了一个研究结果，在年轻的时候就长期喝酒的年轻人在做决定方面很差，分析了原因和问题。
1.主旨题：从文章第一段的句子：A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics.可知很早就喝酒的年轻人不擅长做决定。选C
2.细节题：从第三段的句子：“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,”可知长期或经常喝酒的年轻人可能做出最不好的选择。选D
3.细节题：从第四段的句子：There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,”早早就开始喝酒的年轻人大脑没有得到很好的发展。选C
4.细节题：从最后一段的句子：we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”可知 Kenneth J. Sher
认为重要的事情是很明显的。选A
考点：考查社会现象类短文
点评：阅读本文时要注意作者组织本文的结构：引题——论据——论点，只有把握了作者的中心论点，做题时才不会偏离议论中心。题目设置重点是推理题，通过文章的重点句子，理解作者的真正意图。