In a surprising discovery about where higher life can survive, scientists have found a shrimp —— like creature and a jellyfish swimming beneath an Antarctic ice sheet.
About 180 meters below the ice where no light can get through, scientists had thought nothing much more than a few microbes (微生物) could exist.
That’s why a NASA team was surprised when they lowered a video camera to get the first long look at the underbelly of an ice sheet in Antarctica. A curious shrimp – like creature came swimming by and then parked itself on the camera’s cable. Scientists also pulled up a tentacle (触须) they believe came from a jellyfish.
“We were operating on the presumption that nothing’s there.” Said NASA ice scientist Robert Bindschadler. “It was a shrimp you’d enjoy having on your plate.”
“We were just gaga (狂热的) over it,” he said of the 7.5cm long, orange creature starring in their two – minute video. Technically, it’s not a shrimp. It’s a Lyssianasid amphipod, which is distantly related to the shrimp.
The video is likely to inspire experts to rethink what they know about life in harsh environments. And it has scientists thinking that if shrimp – like creatures can live below 180 meters of Antarctic ice in freezing dark water, what about other cold places? What about Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter?
Cynan Ellis – Evans, a scientist of the British Antarctic Survey called the finding fascinating. He said it was possible the creatures swam in from far away and don’t live there permanently.
But Kim, who is a co-author of the study, doubts it. “The site in West Antarctica is at least 19 km from open seas. Bindschadler drilled a 20 cm – wide hole and was looking at a tiny amount of water. That means it’s unlikely that two creatures swam from great distances and were captured randomly in that small of an area,” she said.
Yet scientist were puzzled at what the food source would be for these creatures. While some microbes can make their own food out of chemicals in the ocean, complex life like the shrimp can’t, Kim said.
“So how do they survive? That’s the key question.” Kim Sai.
“It’s pretty amazing when you find a huge puzzle like that on a planet where we thought we know everything.” Kim said.
【小题1】 What does the underlined word “harsh” probably mean?

In a surprising discovery about where higher life can survive, scientists have found a shrimp —— like creature and a jellyfish swimming beneath an Antarctic ice sheet.
About 180 meters below the ice where no light can get through, scientists had thought nothing much more than a few microbes (微生物) could exist.
That’s why a NASA team was surprised when they lowered a video camera to get the first long look at the underbelly of an ice sheet in Antarctica. A curious shrimp – like creature came swimming by and then parked itself on the camera’s cable. Scientists also pulled up a tentacle (触须) they believe came from a jellyfish.
“We were operating on the presumption that nothing’s there.” Said NASA ice scientist Robert Bindschadler. “It was a shrimp you’d enjoy having on your plate.”
“We were just gaga (狂热的) over it,” he said of the 7.5cm long, orange creature starring in their two – minute video. Technically, it’s not a shrimp. It’s a Lyssianasid amphipod, which is distantly related to the shrimp.
The video is likely to inspire experts to rethink what they know about life in harsh environments. And it has scientists thinking that if shrimp – like creatures can live below 180 meters of Antarctic ice in freezing dark water, what about other cold places? What about Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter?
Cynan Ellis – Evans, a scientist of the British Antarctic Survey called the finding fascinating. He said it was possible the creatures swam in from far away and don’t live there permanently.
But Kim, who is a co-author of the study, doubts it. “The site in West Antarctica is at least 19 km from open seas. Bindschadler drilled a 20 cm – wide hole and was looking at a tiny amount of water. That means it’s unlikely that two creatures swam from great distances and were captured randomly in that small of an area,” she said.
Yet scientist were puzzled at what the food source would be for these creatures. While some microbes can make their own food out of chemicals in the ocean, complex life like the shrimp can’t, Kim said.
“So how do they survive? That’s the key question.” Kim Sai.
“It’s pretty amazing when you find a huge puzzle like that on a planet where we thought we know everything.” Kim said.

1. 1.

   What does the underlined word “harsh” probably mean?

   1. A.
      cold
   2. B.
      loud
   3. C.
      cruel
   4. D.
      ugly
2. 2.

   According to Kim, the shrimp – like creature        .

   1. A.
      swam great distances to Antarctic
   2. B.
      has always lived in the region
   3. C.
      gradually evolved from shrimps
   4. D.
      has nothing in common with shrimps
3. 3.

   The finding is significant in that           .

   1. A.
      it marks NASA’S first Antarctic biological study
   2. B.
      it proves there is marine life in the Antarctic
   3. C.
      it could inspire further study of life in harsh environments
   4. D.
      it shows that Lyssianasid amphipod is closely related to shrimps
4. 4.

   Which of the following statements about the discovery is FALSE?

   1. A.
      Complex life usually lives on other forms of life.
   2. B.
      Scientists saw two creatures in the two – minute video.
   3. C.
      It is possible for creatures to live 180 meters below the ice though there is no light.
   4. D.
      Scientists captured the shrimp – like creature in a camera by drilling a hole through the ice.

In a surprising discovery about where higher life can survive, scientists have found a shrimp -like creature and a jellyfish swimming beneath an Antarctic ice sheet.

About 180 meters below the ice where no light can get through, scientists had figured nothing much more than a few microbes (微生物) could exist.

That’s why a NASA team was surprised when they lowered a video camera to get the first long look at the underbelly of an ice sheet in Antarctica. A curious shrimp – like creature came swimming by and then parked itself on the camera’s cable. Scientists also pulled up a tentacle (触须) they believe came from a jellyfish.

“We were operating on the presumption that nothing’s there.” Said NASA ice scientist Robert Bindschadler. “It was a shrimp you’d enjoy having on your plate.”

“We were just gaga (狂热的) over it,” he said of the 7.5cm long, orange creature starring in their two – minute video. Technically, it’s not a shrimp. It’s a Lyssianasid amphipod, which is distantly related to the shrimp.

The video is likely to inspire experts to rethink what they know about life in harsh environments. And it has scientists thinking that if shrimp – like creatures can live below 180 meters of Antarctic ice in freezing dark water, what about other cold places? What about Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter?

Cynan Ellis – Evans, a scientist of the British Antarctic Survey called the finding fascinating. He said it was possible the creatures swam in from far away and don’t live there permanently.

But Kim, who is a co-author of the study, doubts it. “The site in West Antarctica is at least 19 km from open seas. Bindschadler drilled a 20 cm – wide hole and was looking at a tiny amount of water. That means it’s unlikely that two creatures swam from great distances and were captured randomly in that small of an area,” she said.

Yet scientist were puzzled at what the food source would be for these creatures. While some microbes can make their own food out of chemicals in the ocean, complex life like the shrimp can’t, Kim said.

“So how do they survive? That’s the key question.” Kim Sai.

“It’s pretty amazing when you find a huge puzzle like that on a planet where we thought we know everything.” Kim said.

61．Scientists had believed that harsh environments could only have been populated by       .

       A．jellyfish    B．mammals  C．microbes   D．shrimp – like creatures

62．According to Kim, the shrimp – like creature        .

       A．swam great distances to Antarctic   B．has always lived in the region

       C．gradually evolved from shrimps     D．has nothing in common with shrimps

63．The finding is significant in that           .

      A．it marks NASA’S first Antarctic biological study

       B．it proves there is marine life in the Antarctic

       C．it could inspire further study of life in harsh environments

       D．it shows that Lyssianasid amphipod is closely related to shrimps

64．The last three paragraphs suggest that        .

       A．researchers will look at the places the creatures came from

       B．ice scientists will drill deeper to find more creatures

       C．scientists know very little about the planet they live on

       D． further research will be done about what the creatures live on

65．Which of the following statements about the discovery is FALSE?

       A．Complex life usually lives on other forms of life.

       B．Scientists saw two creatures in the two – minute video.

       C．It is possible for creatures to live 180 meters below the ice though there is no light.

       D．Scientists captured the shrimp – like creature in a camera by drilling a hole through the ice.

In a surprising discovery about where higher life can survive， scientists have found a shrimp —— like creature and a jellyfish swimming beneath an Antarctic ice sheet.

About 180 meters below the ice where no light can get through， scientists had thought nothing much more than a few microbes （微生物） could exist.

That’s why a NASA team was surprised when they lowered a video camera to get the first long look at the underbelly of an ice sheet in Antarctica．A curious shrimp – like creature came swimming by and then parked itself on the camera’s cable．Scientists also pulled up a tentacle （触须） they believe came from a jellyfish.

“We were operating on the presumption that nothing’s there.” Said NASA ice scientist Robert Bind schadler．“It was a shrimp you’d enjoy having on your plate.”

“We were just gaga （狂热的） over it，” he said of the 7.5cm long， orange creature starring in their two – minute video．Technically， it’s not a shrimp．It’s a Lyssianasid amphipod， which is distantly related to the shrimp.

The video is likely to inspire experts to rethink what they know about life in harsh environments．And it has scientists thinking that if shrimp – like creatures can live below 180 meters of Antarctic ice in freezing dark water， what about other cold places? What about Europa， a frozen moon of Jupiter?

Cynan Ellis – Evans， a scientist of the British Antarctic Survey called the finding fascinating．He said it was possible the creatures swam in from far away and don’t live there permanently.

But Kim， who is a co-author of the study， doubts it．“The site in West Antarctica is at least 19 km from open seas．Bindschadler drilled a 20 cm – wide hole and was looking at a tiny amount of water．That means it’s unlikely that two creatures swam from great distances and were captured randomly in that small of an area，” she said.

Yet scientist were puzzled at what the food source would be for these creatures．While some microbes can make their own food out of chemicals in the ocean， complex life like the shrimp can’t， Kim said.

“So how do they survive? That’s the key question.” Kim Sai.

“It’s pretty amazing when you find a huge puzzle like that on a planet where we thought we know everything.” Kim said.

1．What does the underlined word “harsh” probably mean?

       A．cold              B．loud          C．cruel           D．ugly

2．According to Kim， the shrimp – like creature        .

       A．swam great distances to Antarctic         B．has always lived in the region

       C．gradually evolved from shrimps             D．has nothing in common with shrimps

3．The finding is significant in that           .

       A．it marks NASA’S first Antarctic biological study

       B．it proves there is marine life in the Antarctic

       C．it could inspire further study of life in harsh environments

       D．it shows that Lyssianasid amphipod is closely related to shrimps

4．Which of the following statements about the discovery is FALSE?

       A．Complex life usually lives on other forms of life.

       B．Scientists saw two creatures in the two – minute video.

       C．It is possible for creatures to live 180 meters below the ice though there is no light.

       D．Scientists captured the shrimp – like creature in a camera by drilling a hole through the ice.

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial (商业的) world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial (金钱的) considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70％cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects (前景) of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
The influence of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a medicine company before returning to university as a post doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual chances.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more important, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the change to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential (潜力) in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
【小题1】By “a one-way street” in Paragraph 1, the author means ______.