摘要：形容词和副词的比较等级 (1)原级的构成和用法. 构成:形容词.副词的原级即本身. 用法:表示双方在程度.性质.特征等某方面相等时.用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as 的结构,表示双方不相等时.用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as 的结构,表示一方是另一方的若干倍时.用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as 的结构.如: Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. This building looks not so (as)high as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you . This room is three times as large as that one. (2)比较级和最高级的构成. 掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则.熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词. (3)比较级的用法. ①对方比较.表示一方超过另一方时.用“比较级 + than 的结构表示.如: This picture is more beautiful than that one. ②表示一方不及另一方时.用“less + 原级 + than 的结构表示.如: This room is less beautiful than that one. ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时.可在比较级前加表示程度的状语.如even.a lot.a bit.a little.still.much.far.yet.by fay等修饰.如: He works even harder than before. 注意:英语的比较级前如无even.still或yet等时.译成汉语时可用“较 或“-一些 或不译出.一般不可有“更 .如: She is better than she was yesterday Please come earlier tomorrow. 另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级.用于比较级时.一般放在比较级的后面.如在前面.应在二者中间加“the .如: He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. ④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时.用“the + 比较级.the + 比较级 的结构.如: The harder he works, the happier he feels. ⑤不与其他事物相比.表示本身程度的改变时.用“比较级 + and + 比较级 的结构.如: The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. ⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时.用to代替than.这些词有inferior.superior.junior.senior.prior等. He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. ⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复.我们通常用that代替前面出现的名词.that指物,one既可指人又可指物.that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词.而one只能代替可数名词. The book on the table is more interesting than thaton the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. ⑧倍数表达法.(A)A is threetimes the sizeof B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高).The new bui9lding is four times the sizeof the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍A is threetimes as bigas B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍.(C)A is three times biggerthan B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍.用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上.两倍可以用twice或double. (4)最高级的用法. ①三者或三者以上相比.表示最高程度时.用“the + 最高级 的结构表示.这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语.如: Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works(the)hardest in his class. ②最高级可被序数词以及much.by far.nearly.almost .by no means.not quite.not really.nothing like等词语所修饰.如: This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest. How much did the secon most expensive hat cost? ③表示“最高程度 的形容词.如excellent.extreme.perfect等.没有最高级.也不能用比较级. ④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词.代词时.被修饰的词往往省略.如: He is the tallest(boy)in his class. ⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词.如: Of all the boys he came形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况. ①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词.副词最高级前可不加冠词. ②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词.或不加冠词.不表比较.表示“非常 .如: He is a most clever young policeman. The film is most interesting. ③表示两者间“较--的一个 比较级前加the.如: who is the older of the tow boys? ④在“the + 比较级-.the + 比较级- 结构中. ⑤在same前一般要加the. ⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词.如the poor.the rich 等. (6)由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语. ① as much as + 不可数名词数量. Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons. She could earn as much as ten dollars a week. ②as many as + 可数名词数量 多达 I have as a many as sixteen referrence books. ③as early as早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. ④as far as远到,就--而知(论) We might go as far as the church and back. As far as I know.he has been there before. ⑤may as well不妨.不如 Then you might as well stay with us here. ⑥as - as can be到了最--的程度.极其 They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信. ⑦as - as one can He began to run, as fast as he could. ⑧as - as possible Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible. (7)几组重要的词语辨析. ①very 和much的区别.(A)可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much.(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very.a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下.以-ing.-ed结尾的分词多用much.very much / greatly等修饰.如:We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude.(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very.如:very interesting / worrying / exicting.(D)too前用much或far,不用very.You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外.在too many / much, too few / little前用far. There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.(E)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构:(a)修饰绝对意义的形容词.一般不用very,而用quite completely.well.entirely.如:quite wrong.completely dead.quite impossible.quite perfect等.(b)修饰以a-开头的形容词.多有特殊的修饰词:quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid.(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening. ②so - that - 与such - that - 的区别. so + 形容词 / 副词 + that - so + 形容词 + a(n)+ 单数可数名词 + that - so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that - such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that - such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that - such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that - 注意:下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many.much.little.few等表示“多.少 的词修饰时.如 so much progress.so many people.so little food.so few apples等.但当little表示“小 时用such.如:These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的:so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather. ③其他几组词的辨析.(A)ago.before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前 ,before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前 .泛指“以前 用before而不用ago.(B)already.yet.still:already表示某事已经发生,yet表示期待某事发生,still表示某事还在进行.主要用于肯定句. (C)too.also.either:too和also用于肯定句.too多用于口语.also多用于书面语.either用于否定句.(D)good.well:与good不同的是.well作形容词.只能在系动词后作表语.表示“身体状况好 .也作副词修饰动词.(E)quick.fast:作形容词皆表“快 .fast多指运动的物体.含持续的意思.quick多指一次动作的敏捷.突然.而且持续的时间较短.(F)real.true:形容词表“真的 .real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的.在句中常作定语,true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合.在句中作表语或定语.(G)hard.difficult:均表“困难 .但hard通常指体力上困难,difficult则指智力或技能上的困难.困难程度大于hard.它们都可作定语和表语.

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