A severe heatwave sweeping India, with temperatures of almost 44ºC, the highest in 52 years, has killed at least 80 people this month, officials said on Sunday. The hot weather, which officials say would continue over northern, north-western and central India in the next 48 hours, also may have some impact on wheat production, exporters and flour-mill associations said.
　　New Delhi recorded a maximum temperature of 43.7ºC on Saturday, indicating a hot summer in the next two months in the nation's capital and other parts of northern and eastern India. The highest temperature in the past 24 hours was 47ºC at Ganganagar city, in Rajasthan state. Summer temperatures have been 4ºC-6ºC above normal over most parts of northern and central India since March, weather officials said.
　　In the eastern state of Orissa, authorities have decided to shut down schools from next Tuesday, advancing the annual summer holiday. Authorities said they were investigating reports of 53 deaths from various parts of the state.
　　"District collectors have been asked to investigate and submit reports on other deaths," Bhimsen Gochhayat, a government official said. Other deaths were reported from northern state of Uttar Pradesh and central Madhya Pradesh states.
　　India is expected to produce about 82 million tons of wheat in 2009-2010, but there could be a shortage of 1-1.5 million tons due to the heatwave, said Veena Sharma, Secretary General of the Roller Flour Millers Federation of India. "Most of the harvesting is over, but there definitely will be a slight shortage of 1-1.5 million tons due to the extreme weather conditions," she told Reuters.
India is relying on an abundant wheat crop to make up for a 14.2% drop in rice output, the major summer-sown food grain, marred by the worst monsoon （季风）in 37 years last year. Weather officials say with summer temperatures in India set to remain above average, there were hopes of heavy rains at the start of the monsoon season that will help early sowing of rice, soybeans and lentils. 
【小题1】 The purpose of the passage is ____________.

A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.

??? China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.

??? While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, "the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy," said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of 一Technology. "This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（含量），，，Greenstone said in an email. "Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people's exposure over long time periods," he said.

??? The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Riv饥which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though discontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遗留） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China's north differently from the south.

??? The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（悬浮的）particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.

??? The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000． They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.

1.The main idea of this passage is that＿·

A. research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancy

B．the government provided free coal for heating in North China

C．coal burning causes bad air quality across China

D. a new study finds different particulates in South China

2.According to Greenstone,＿greatly contributed to the high pollution concentrations in North China.

A. power stations B. construction sites

C. the free heating policy D. gases from vehicles

3.It is implied in the passage that＿·

A. coal is no longer used for heating in North China

B．air quality was comparatively better in South China

C. southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980s

D．people preferred to live in South China after 1980

4.The underlined word "particulates" most probably means＿．

A. dirty clouds B. particular smoke

C. harmful dust D. dangerous bacteria

The annual marathon in my town usually took place in summer. My job was to   21   behind the runners in an ambulance   22    any of them needed medical attention. The driver and I were in an air-conditioned ambulance behind nearly one hundred athletes    23   to hear the sharp crack of the starting gun.
“We’re supposed to stay behind the   24   runner, so take it slowly ,” I said to the driver , Doug , as we began to creep forward .
“Let’s just hope all the runners are fast!” he laughed.
As they began to pace themselves, the front runners started to   25   . It was then that my   26  were drawn to the woman in blue silk running shorts and a baggy white T-shirt.
“Doug, look!”
We knew we were already watching our “last runner”. Her feet were turned in, but her left knee was turned out. Her legs were so crippled and bent that it seemed impossible for her to be able to walk , let alone run a marathon .
Doug and I watched in   27   as she slowly moved forward. We didn’t say a thing. We would move forward a little bit, then stop and wait for her to gain some distance. Then we’d slowly move forward a little bit more.
Finally, she was the  28   runner left in sight. Tears streamed down my face as I sat on the edge of my seat and watched with amazement and even respect as she    29       forward with strong determination through the last miles.
When the    30   line came into sight, rubbishes lay everywhere and the cheering crowds had already gone home.    31  , a man waited proudly there. He was   32  one end of a ribbon (带子) tied to a post.   33  slowly crossed through, leaving both ends of the ribbon fluttering behind her.
I do not know this woman’s name, but that day she became a part of my life –a part I often depend on. For her, it wasn’t about   34   the other runners or winning a competition, it was about finishing what she had set out to do, no matter    35  . When I think things are too difficult or too time-consuming, I think of the last runner. Then I realize how easy the task before me really is.
【小题1】

BEIJING——China will further open its financial sector in “an active and safe” way, the country’s central bank vowed on Friday.

“China will gradually broaden the chance for the participation of foreign capital in the domestic financial market,” said the People’s Bank of China in a report. “We will strengthen the connections between China’s financial market and international ones by attracting more foreign capital in Renminbi-denominated financial products,” the report said.

Meanwhile, channels will also be expanded to allow Chinese investment in foreign financial markets.

The bank said it would ease restrictions on enterprises and individuals possessing and using foreign currencies and increase the number of qualified foreign institutional investors and the value of their investment quotas(份额). “We will make use of the financial market to achieve balanced international payments,” said the bank.

Last year, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) raised the annual quota for individuals buying foreign currency from US $ 20,000 to US $ 50,000.

“China will work hard for a more efficient and vigorous financial market that can better serve international needs,” the bank said.

The country will adjust its financial market rules so they are accepted around the world, encourage reforms and promote more flexible, diversified ways of trading, according to the bank.

China fully opened its financial market to foreign capital on December 11 last year, ending a five-year transitional (过渡的) period after entering WTO.

1.The passage is    

A. a piece of news    B. an advertisement    C. a poster             D. an explanation

2.China is working hard to    

A. reduce the interest rate of foreign currencies  B. increase the interest rate of foreign currencies

C. bring in more foreign investment by promising to further open its financial sector

D. adjust its financial markets to resist the invasion of foreign investment

3.To further open financial sector, China has taken many measures EXCEPT

A. Giving more chances to the participation of foreign capital

B. Strengthening the connections between China and other countries by the leaders’ paying visits to each other’s countries

C. Broadening the quotas of enterprises and individuals possessing and using foreign currencies

D. Opening its domestic financial market step by step

4.We can draw a conclusion that    

A. China’s financial market will be conquered by foreign one

B. China will create a more active and various way of trading and its market will become stronger

C. China will end the transitional period of opening financial sector in five years

D. China will be blind to the foreign investment

New media has been growing fast and influencing people’s lives in ways few things have done before. In 2010, China’s new media industry witnessed explosive development. But with “new” comes uncertainties and challenges. The following are brief reviews on the development of China’s new media and outlooks on its future.
I. Micro-blogging (微博)   
Short and convenient, micro-blogs also experienced “a big bang” in China last year, with the number of micro-bloggers at China’s popular portal(门户网站) sina.com.cn almost doubling in less than six months. Afterwards, the other three major web portals, including sohu.com, qq.com and 163.com, each set up their own micro-blogging services. With more government officials and entities(实体) registering, China’s micro-blogging services are expected to play a more important role in connecting the public and the governments in 2011.
第一节                         Search Engines
Baidu’s position in the search engine market would face fierce challenges from sohu.com,
Microsoft’s Bing and goso.cn from the People’s Daily. Xinhua is also preparing to start its search engine together with China Mobile, a leading company in mobile networks. Goso and Xinhua both have the advantage of providing content, while Bing has a big edge in technology and funds. They are expected to pose threats(威胁) to Baidu in 2011.
第二节                         Internet of Things
IoT refers to a network of real-world objects linked by the Internet and interacting through on-line services. China set up its first IoT research center in Shanghai in March 2010.Within the same week, Premier Wen Jiabao stated in the annual government report that it would “accelerate the research and development, as well as application of the Internet of Things. ”
However, some experts say China’s IoT is still in an early stage, and it’ll take a long time for it to let the public enjoy its full functions. 
40. What is the text mainly about?
A. Some major media in China.
B. China’s new media and its future.
C. The development of China’s on-line services.
D. China’s early-stage IoT and its major functions.
【小题1】How many web portals are mentioned in Paragraph 2?