Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situation－for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic (the opposite of “temporary”) usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, for example, friends, family members, co－workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease, while temporary and situational loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?     

       A．Talk to friends.        B．Just ignore it.

       C．Go to see a doctor.   D．Ask your teachers for guidance.

“It” in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to ___________.

       A．temporary loneliness       B．situational loneliness

       C．a new place             D．sleeplessness

Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?

       A．Chronic loneliness can cause family problems.

       B．Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness

       C．Chronic loneliness can not be overcome.

       D．Chronic loneliness is incurable.

What is the best title for the passage?

       A．Three kinds of loneliness B．Loneliness and disease

       C．Loneliness and social contacts D．Chronic loneliness

It was not yet eleven o’clock when a boat crossed the river with a single passenger who had obtained his transportation at that unusual hour by promising an extra fare.

While the youth stood on the landing-place searching in his pockets for money, the ferryman lifted a lantern, by the aid of which, together with the newly risen moon, he took a very accurate survey of the stranger’s figure. He was a young man of barely eighteen years, evidently country bred（长大的）, and now, as it seemed, on his first visit to town. He was wearing a rough gray coat, which was in good shape, but which had seen many winters before this one. The garments under his coat were well constructed of leather, and fitted tightly to a pair of muscular legs; his stockings of blue yarn must have been the work of a mother or sister, and on his head was a three-cornered hat, which in its better days had sheltered the grayer head of the lad’s father. In his left hand was a walking stick, and his equipment was completed by a leather bag not so abundantly stocked as to inconvenience the strong shoulders on which it hung. Brown, curly hair, well-shaped-features, bright, cheerful eyes were nature’s gifts, and worth all that art could have done for his adornment(装饰).

The youth, whose name was Robin, paid the boatman, and then walked forward into the town with a light step, as if he had not already traveled more than thirty miles that day. As he walked, he surveyed his surroundings as eagerly as if he were entering London or Madrid, instead of the little metropolis（都市）of a New England colony.

What time of the year was it in this story?

A. Winter.           B. Fall.       C. Summer.    D. Spring.

The boatman was willing to take Robin across the river because ________.

A. he was going to row across the river anyway

B. he saw that Robin was young and rich

C. he would give extra money

D. he felt sorry for him because Robin looked poor

The stockings that Robin wore were obviously _________.

A. well worn         B. very expensive       C. handmade         D. much too big

From the text we can learn that Robin had traveled __________.

A. from London              B. from Madrid

C. from a nearby city                D. over thirty miles

At what time of day did Robin cross the river?

A. Night.      B. Late afternoon    C. Midday.          D. Morning.    

完形填空：

An eight-year-old child heard her parents talking about her little brother. All she knew was that he was very sick and they had no money left. When she heard her daddy say to her  36  mother with whispered desperation（绝望）, “  37  a miracle（奇迹） can save him now”, the little girl went to her bedroom and took out her piggy bank. She   38  all the change out on the floor and counted it carefully. Then she   39  her way six blocks to the local drugstore（药店）.

“And what do you want?” asked the chemist.

“It’s   40  my little brother,”  the girl answered back. “He’s really, really sick and I want to buy a   41   . His name is Andrew and he has something  42  growing inside his head and my daddy says only a miracle can save him.”

“We don’t   43   miracles here, child I’m sorry,” the chemist said, smiling   44  at the little girl.

In the shop was a   45  customer. He stooped (弯腰) down and asked the little girl, “What kind of miracle does your brother   46   ?”

“I don’t know,” she replied “He’s really sick and mommy says he needs   47   . But my daddy can’t pay for it, so I have brought my  48   .”

“How much do you have?” asked the man.

“One dollar and eleven cents,   49  I can try and get some more,”  she answered quietly.

“Well, what a coincidence（巧合）,”  smiled the man.  “A dollar and eleven cents — the   50  price of a miracle for little brothers.  51  me to where you live. I want to see your brother and   52  your parents.”

That well dressed man was Dr Carlton Armstrong, a surgeon（外科医生）. The operation was completed without   53  and it wasn’t long before Andrew was   54

again and doing well.

The little girl was happy. She knew exactly how much the miracle cost ... one dollar and eleven cents …plus the   55  of a little child.

36．A．tearful      B．hopeful     C．helpless    D．kind

37．A．Simply     B．Just   C．Only D．More than

38．A．drew B．pulled       C．put    D．poured

39．A．followed   B．made C．took  D．found

40．A．to     B．as      C．for    D．on

41．A．hope B．doctor      C．favor D．miracle

42．A．bad   B．small C．extra D．impossible

43．A．have  B．offer C．sell    D．store

44．A．gently      B．sadly C．strangely   D．coldly

45．A．well dressed     B．kind hearted     C．well behaved    D．good looking

46．A．have  B．need  C．care   D．like

47．A．a doctor    B．a surgeon  C．an operation     D．a kindness

48．A．savings     B．wishes      C．ideas D．suggestions

49．A．since B．as      C．after  D．but

50．A．same B．exact C．proper      D．necessary

51．A．Show       B．Help  C．Take  D．Follow

52．A．help  B．encourage C．persuade   D．meet

53．A．difficulty  B．delay C．charge      D．result

54．A．happy       B．well  C．strong       D．home

55． A．cleverness      B．faith  C．courage    D．devotion

短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

It’s well known which Wilma Rudolph is the first American woman   76. _____

to have won three Olympic gold medal in track! However, when     77. _____

she was young, she was sick most of the time. At four, he couldn’t     78. _____

move her left leg as a result of a serious illness. Followed the      79. _____

doctor’s advice, her mother rubbed her sick leg every day and take   80. _____

her to the hospital once a week. After a year, Wilma could manage     81. _____

a sort of jump. At eight, she was walking a bit at the aid of a       82. _____

walking stick. Soon she was out in the yard playing the basketball.   83. _____

Her mother was surprising to see that. Little by little,         84. _____

Wilma became famous as a track star but won medals.         85. _____

Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暂时的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result or a particular situation---- for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(长期的) loneliness usually last more than two yeas and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lone people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists (心理学家)agree that one important fact in loneliness is a person’s social contacts（接触）, e.g, friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lone people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?

A. Talk to friends                         B. Just ignore it     

C. Go to see a doctor                      D. Ask your teachers for guidance

. The topic of the 4^th paragraph is that _______________.

A. lonely people don’t have many friends

B. lonely people don’t have many social problems

C. one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contacts

D. we depend on various people for different reasons

Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?

A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems

B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness

C. Chronic loneliness cannot be overcome

D.A, B, and C are all correct

.What is the best title of the passage?

A. Three kinds of Loneliness               B. Loneliness and Diseases

C. Loneliness and Social Contacts           D. Chronic Loneliness