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| Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be 1 and damaged? Judging from an experiment in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if a baby heard no mother 2 , the experimenter told the nurses to keep silent. All the 3 died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life 4 , the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by the experimenter. 5 , some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is 6 to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for 7 skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the 8 stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a 9 age, but there are cases where speech has started 10 in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple 11 ; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style 12 grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the 13 to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to 14 the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy - bear". And even more 15 is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. | ||||
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Take a taxi from Sydney Airport and chances are that the driver will not say “G’day” with the broad accent you might expect. Probe a little further and you will probably 1 that he was not born in Australia. 2 the United States, Australia is a society of 3 , and Sydney has been a preferred destination for many of these new 4 . Over the past half century the Anglo-Irish immigrants who 5 the city’s original population have been joined by successive waves of Italians, Greeks, Turks, Lebanese, and , more 6 , Asians. This mixture has 7 a cultural activeness and energy that were missing only a generation 8 . Sydney is a city 9 .
Compared with the traffic in the 10 of Australia, Sydney is fast and impatient. The more than 4 million people in this 11 work hard and play harder, moderation is something practiced by the citizens of Melbourne. Sydney 12 the tallest buildings, the most expensive real estate, the finest beaches, and the seediest nightlife of any Australian city. Most Australians 13 its loud brash ways with a mixture of fear and fascination, 14 Sydneysiders prefer to think of home as energetic rather than ordinary. Visiting this city is a(n) 15 part of an Australian experience. But remember, as you do so, that Sydney is no more representative of Australia 16 New York is of the United States. It has joined the 17 of the great global cities whose characters are essentially 18 , offering great looks, style, and sophistication. In 2000, the year that the Olympic Games 19 to the city, Sydney became one of the 20 destinations of the new millennium.
1. A. observe B. discover C. expect D. catch
2. A. Like B. As C. With D. For
3. A. settlers B. immigrants C. citizens D. the rich
4. A. people B. race C. strangers D. arrivals
5. A. took up B. kept up C. made up D. brought
6. A. luckily B. surprisingly C. recently D. possibly
7. A. created B. supported C. given D. expressed
8. A. before B. after C. later D. ago
9. A. in a panic B. in a hurry C. in a way D. in a sense
10. A. rest B. other C. else D. most
11. A. country B. town C. city D. state
12. A. stands B. lies C. exists D. has
13. A. compare B. think C. match D. regard
14. A. if B. unless C. although D. so
15. A. essential B. final C. proud D. reasonable
16. A. than B. what C. that D. and
17. A. routes B. ranks C. circles D. ways
18. A. national B. racial C. personal D. international
19. A. added B. occurred C. came D. appeared
20. A. precious B. fashionable C. widespread D. complex
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