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Friendship is one of the basic bonds (纽带) between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.
Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft (失去). If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate（清楚表达） their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.
“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.
As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts (性格外向者) enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts（性格内向者）are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.
Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy (密切) is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity（相互性）, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.
53. The second paragraph implies that _____..
A. teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems
B. a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship
C. human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging
D. both A and B
54. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on _____ .
A. age B. belonging C. personality D. culture
55. The author thinks that close friends _____ .
A. can be easily formed when one is young B. cannot be long-lasting
C. are not rare for everyone D. are rare for most people
56. The word “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means _____ .
A. not respecting B. dishonoring C. regardless D. considering
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From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind‘s future 3 and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.
Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.
16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated
2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
3.A.attainments B.feasibility C.entertainments D.evolution
4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible
5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince
6.A.for B.from C.of D.with
7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children
8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion
9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike
10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological
11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words
13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower
14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved
15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions
16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When
17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated
18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast D.interaction
19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative
20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all
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What’s the ____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?
A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion
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What I Want for You and Every Child in America
Dear Malia and Sasha,
I know that you've both had a lot of 1 these last two years on the campaign trail, going to picnics and parades and state fairs, eating all sorts of junk food your mother and I probably shouldn't have let you have．But I also know that it hasn't always been easy for you and Mom, and that as excited as you both are about that new puppy（小狗）, it doesn't 2 for all the time we've been apart．I know 3 I've missed these past two years, and today I want to tell you a little more about why I decided to take our family on this journey．
When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me, about how I'd 4 my way in the world, become successful, and get the things I want．But then the two of you came into my 5 with all your curiosity and mischief （捣乱） and those smiles that never 6 to fill my heart and light up my day．
I want all our children to go to schools 7 of their potential-schools that challenge them, inspire them, and instill （灌输） in them a sense of 8 about the world around them．I want them to have the chance to go to college 9 their parents aren't rich．And I want them to get good jobs: jobs that pay well and give them benefits like health care, jobs that let them spend time with their own 10 and retire with dignity．
I want us to 11 the boundaries of discovery so that you'll live to see new technologies and inventions that improve our lives and make our planet cleaner and safer．And I want us to push our own human boundaries to reach 12 the divides of race and region, gender and religion that 13 us from seeing the best in each other．
That was the 14 your grandmother tried to teach me when I was your age, reading me the opening lines of the Declaration of Independence and telling me about the men and women who marched for 15 because they believed those words put to paper two centuries ago should mean 16 ．
She helped me understand that America is great not because it is perfect but because it can always be made better and that the 17 work of perfecting our union falls to each of us．It's a charge we pass on to our children, coming closer with each new generation to 18 we know America should be．
These are the things I want for you, to 19 in a world with no limits on your dreams and no achievements beyond your reach．And I want every child to have the same chances to learn and dream and grow and thrive （茁壮成长） that you girls have．That's why I've taken our family on this great adventure．
I am so proud of both of you．I love you 20 you can ever know．And I am grateful every day for your patience, poise （自信）, grace, and humor as we prepare to start our new life together in the White House．
Love, Dad
1．A．play B．fun C．pain D．gain
2．A．take up B．pick up C．make up D．put up
3．A．how much B．how many C．how soon D．how long
4．A．lose B．make C．take D．walk
5．A．world B．family C．position D．place
6．A．succeed B．come C．tend D．fail
7．A．worth B．worthless C．worthwhile D．worthy
8．A．humor B．happiness C．wonder D．sadness
9．A．even if B．as if C．though D．despite
10．A．friends B．kids C．boys D．girls
11．A．rush B．catch C．push D．pull
12．A．to B．in C．into D．beyond
13．A．keep B．let C．make D．warn
14．A．way B．method C．means D．lesson
15．A．quantity B．quality C．equality D．responsibility
16．A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing
17．A．unfinished B．finished C．well-done D．limited
18．A．which B．who C．what D．that
19．A．wake up B．grow up C．come up D．get up
20．A．rather than B．other than C．less than D．more than
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