First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.

　　First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal injury and paralysis.

　　Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for medical bracelet or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.

　　First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known by the ABC, which stands for：

　　A- Airway：is it open and unobstructed? .

　　B- Breathing：is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.

　　C- Circulation：is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

　　Once obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured person's head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no evidence exists to suggest potential skull or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position. Positioned on one side, a victim can vomit without choking or obstructing the airway.

(1) It is very important in first aid to________.

[　　]

A．move the injured person from the scene' of accident immediately

B．spend a few minutes for making the difference between recovery and death

C．know what to do and what not to do according to the condition of the victim

D．remove the medical bracelet or card from the victim

(2) One of the following practices is NOT right in the first aid, that is________.

[　　]

A．to check whether the victim is breathing

B．to let the victim lie on one side

C．to telephone a hospital at once

D．to wait patiently for more skillful medical treatment before carrying on first aid

(3) The article implies that the provider of first aid should be especially careful ________.

[　　]

A．in handing the victim only if he learns that the victim has both diabetes and heart trouble

B．in handing the victim if he learns that the victim has diabetes or heart trouble

C．not to move the victim if he finds a medical bracelet on the victim

D．not to move the victim if he finds the accident scene to be unsafe

(4) According to this article, first aid is usually provided by_______.

[　　]

A．professional doctors

B．the victim's family members

C．the victim's friends

D．those people who are not necessarily professional doctors

(5) This article can be said to be one to_______.

[　　]

A．give basic knowledge about how to practice first aid

B．give a brief introduction to the history of first aid

C．give some knowledge to anyone who may be injured in an accident

　　First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.

　　First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal injury and paralysis.

　　Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for medical bracelet or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.

　　First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known by the ABC, which stands for：

　　A- Airway：is it open and unobstructed? .

　　B- Breathing：is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.

　　C- Circulation：is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

　　Once obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured person's head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no evidence exists to suggest potential skull or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position. Positioned on one side, a victim can vomit without choking or obstructing the airway.

(1) It is very important in first aid to________.

[　　]

A．move the injured person from the scene' of accident immediately

B．spend a few minutes for making the difference between recovery and death

C．know what to do and what not to do according to the condition of the victim

D．remove the medical bracelet or card from the victim

(2) One of the following practices is NOT right in the first aid, that is________.

[　　]

A．to check whether the victim is breathing

B．to let the victim lie on one side

C．to telephone a hospital at once

D．to wait patiently for more skillful medical treatment before carrying on first aid

(3) The article implies that the provider of first aid should be especially careful ________.

[　　]

A．in handing the victim only if he learns that the victim has both diabetes and heart trouble

B．in handing the victim if he learns that the victim has diabetes or heart trouble

C．not to move the victim if he finds a medical bracelet on the victim

D．not to move the victim if he finds the accident scene to be unsafe

(4) According to this article, first aid is usually provided by_______.

[　　]

A．professional doctors

B．the victim's family members

C．the victim's friends

D．those people who are not necessarily professional doctors

(5) This article can be said to be one to_______.

[　　]

A．give basic knowledge about how to practice first aid

B．give a brief introduction to the history of first aid

C．give some knowledge to anyone who may be injured in an accident

阅读理解

　　First aid is emergency care for a victim(受害人) of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital(性命攸关的) signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed(通畅的) airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be done as quickly as possible. In the case of the seriously injured, a few minutes can make a difference between complete recovery and loss of life.

　　First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal injury and paralysis(永久性的脊髓伤害和瘫痪).

　　Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious(有知觉的), should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess(估计) the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions(原先就存在的疾病) such as diabetes(糖尿病) or heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.

　　First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating(估计) a victim's condition is known by the acmnym(只取首字母) ABC, which stands for:

　　A－Airway: is it open and unobstructed?

　　B－Breathing; Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.

　　C－Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally(外表上)? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

　　Once obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured person's head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no evidence exists to suggest potential skull(头骨) or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position. Positioned on one side, a victim can vomit(呕吐) without choking(窒息) or obstructing the airway.

1．Which one of the following practices is NOT right in the first aid?

[　　]

A．To check whether the victim is breathing.

B．To let the victim lie on one side.

C．To telephone a hospital at once.

D．To wait patiently for more skillful medical treatment before carrying out first aid.

2．The article implies that the provider of first aid should be especially careful ________.

[　　]

A．in handling the victim only if he learns that the victim has both diabetes and heart trouble

B．in handling the victim if he learns that the victim has diabetes or heart trouble

C．not to move the victim if he finds a medical bracelet on the victim

D．not to move the victim if he finds the accident scene to be unsafe

3．According to this article, first aid is usually provided by ________.

[　　]

A．professional doctors

B．the victim's family members

C．the victim's friends

D．those people who are not necessarily professional doctors

4．The purpose of the writer is to ________.

[　　]

A．give basic knowledge about how to practice first aid

B．give a brief introduction to the history of first aid

C．give some knowledge to anyone who may be injured in an accident

D．give warning that first aid is dangerous to those who do not know how to do it

Two years ago ,Hannah Mighall ,then 13, survived a great white shark attack on Tasmania’s north-east coast, but despite the terrible scars ,the shy yet courageous teenager is determined to get back into the water.

It’s been a long journey back for the brave girl, whose life was changed forever as she was on her surfboard 60 metres offshore at Binalong, Bay ,Tasmania.

Her cousin ,32-yeaf-old syb Mundy ,was surfing nearby, “Suddenly, everything went quiet ,”Hannah ,now15,recalls of the day she almost lost her life, “I look down into the water and noticed a dark shadow under my board I knew instantly it was a shark.”

As Syb watched in horror, the five-metre shark put hundreds of sharp teeth onto Hannah’s right leg,throwing her from her board, “I was attached to my leg-rope as the shark stared to pull me under the water”,She shakes, “I was lying on my back with one leg under the shark’s body and the other still in its jaws.”

Syb desperately punched (猛击)the shark’s nose and reached out to grab Hannah as the monster bit a huge chunk（大块）from the surfboard, “I was still attached to my board and was dragged back under the water again,”she says ,When she came up for air, Hannah dog paddled(爬泳)to Syb’s board and he dragged her from the water to lie on his back ,”We looked down and saw the shark circling beneath us,”Hannah says.

Hannah was rushed to the hospital by helicopter ,She needed more than 400 stitches(针)on her leg and spent two weeks in hospital.

Modest about her remarkable courage, Hannah owes her survival to Syb’s bravery and the fact that great whites,despite their reputation as man-eaters, typically don’t target humans ,After the attack ,Hannah earned the Sea Shepherd award for courage for speaking in defence of the shark “I was in his territory, she wasn’t in mine,”she smiles.

1.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A、Courage Can Beat Any Difficulty

B、How to Escape from a Shark Attack

C、A Survival from a Shark Attack

D、Sharks Can Target Humans Sometimes

2.What is the correct order of the following events happening to Hannah?

a、She was bit and pulled by the shark                        d、She was dragged from the water

b、She swam to Syb’s board                                  e、She was pulled under the water again

c、She came up to take a breath                         f、She noticed the change of the things around her

A、f,a,b,e,c,d             B、f,a,e,c,b,d              C、a,e,c,b,d,f             D、a,c,b,e,d,f

3.From the passage, which statement is mentioned about Hanah?

A、was so brave that this experience didn’t have any influence on her life

B、didn’t hesitate to get hack into the water to surf immediately she recovered

C、thought it is a common thing to be attacked by a shark in the ocean

D、didn’t blame the fact that sharks are known as man-eaters for her being attacked

4.How was Hannah sent to the hospital.?

A、She was went to the hospital by Syb

B、She was went to the hospital by local people

C、She was went to the hospital by helicopter

D、She was went to the hospital by the Sea Shepherb

5.The reason why Hannah was awarded is that        .

A、She was brave to speak for the shark although she was severely injured by it

B、She successfully escaped from a dangerous situation because of her courage

C、She was courageous enough to go deep into sharks’territory and survived

D、She has been determined to go hack into the sea where there are sharks

We often hear people talking about a generation gap (代沟). The name is new,but the idea is old. Young people and their parents don’t understand each other. The world has always kept changing. During the second century after Christ a wise man said, “Bury me on my face because in a little while everything will be turned upside down.”  There has always been a gap between generations, but more people talk about it now. Old Mr. Ellis thinks he understands what has happened. “When I was a boy, I thought the world was a beautiful place. My life was very pleasant. But when I was older, I learned about people who were treated badly, people who didn’t have enough to eat. I wanted to help them, and I married a girl who wanted to help them, too. We went to meetings and talked a lot, but it didn’t seem to make much difference. ”“Our children grew up in a world at war. They didn’t know when the fighting would stop. They wanted their children to have nice clothes and toys. They didn’t want to think about the future. They thought nothing could be done about it.” “Now I have grandchildren, and they have their own ideas. They are trying to make the world better. They are trying to help other people. They’re making people listen to them. I am proud of their generation.”

1. The wise man mentioned in the text told people to bury him on his face so   that when everything is turned upside down he will _____.

A. lie on his stomach       B. lie on his back

C. stand quietly           D. sit in peace

2.Which generation did NOT want to do anything to make the world a better one?

A. Mr. Ellis’ generation             B. His children’s generation

C. His grandchildren’s generation     D. None of the above.

3. What is the writer’s attitude towards the generation gap?

A. Unacceptable. B. Awful.  C. Funny. D. Common.