题目内容
阅读理解
First aid is emergency care for a victim(受害人) of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital(性命攸关的) signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed(通畅的) airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be done as quickly as possible. In the case of the seriously injured, a few minutes can make a difference between complete recovery and loss of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal injury and paralysis(永久性的脊髓伤害和瘫痪).
Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious(有知觉的), should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess(估计) the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions(原先就存在的疾病) such as diabetes(糖尿病) or heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating(估计) a victim's condition is known by the acmnym(只取首字母) ABC, which stands for:
A－Airway: is it open and unobstructed?
B－Breathing; Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.
C－Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally(外表上)? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.
Once obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured person's head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no evidence exists to suggest potential skull(头骨) or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position. Positioned on one side, a victim can vomit(呕吐) without choking(窒息) or obstructing the airway.
1．Which one of the following practices is NOT right in the first aid?
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A．To check whether the victim is breathing.
B．To let the victim lie on one side.
C．To telephone a hospital at once.
D．To wait patiently for more skillful medical treatment before carrying out first aid.
2．The article implies that the provider of first aid should be especially careful ________.
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A．in handling the victim only if he learns that the victim has both diabetes and heart trouble
B．in handling the victim if he learns that the victim has diabetes or heart trouble
C．not to move the victim if he finds a medical bracelet on the victim
D．not to move the victim if he finds the accident scene to be unsafe
3．According to this article, first aid is usually provided by ________.
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A．professional doctors
B．the victim's family members
C．the victim's friends
D．those people who are not necessarily professional doctors
4．The purpose of the writer is to ________.
[ ]
A．give basic knowledge about how to practice first aid
B．give a brief introduction to the history of first aid
C．give some knowledge to anyone who may be injured in an accident
D．give warning that first aid is dangerous to those who do not know how to do it
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