Hoffman，40，a former senior vice president of a financial company，had what she describes as “one of those extreme jobs.” “I loved working,” she says. But her career path reached a crossroad when her second child was born，and she left her job in February 2007. Hoffman is one of many people who have left the work force to take a break，but she has a position as a consultant．She has described this type of career detour(绕路) ----- which is more common for women than for men—as “off- ramping．” Typically it occurs when the balancing act of parenting and work becomes too tough．

A study by the center found that more than 90 percent of women who off-ramp want to on-ramp back into the work force eventually．But making the transition back to work is rarely easy，and it is even harder in this economic climate of layoffs and hiring freezes.

Considering some of the obstacles faced by on- rampers , a three-day program called “Greater Returns：Restarting Your Career” was held at Columbia University. The goal of the three days was to have them walk away with a big shot of confidence.

　According to one school of thought, women looking to make a comeback might even have an advantage in the current economy，especially if they are looking for part-time or consultant positions that do not offer benefits. And a majority of on-rampers are women with extensive working experiences that could give them a slight advantage over less-experienced competition．

　“You absolutely cannot be defensive about why you off-ramped,” Ms Hoffman says, “ defensive” would have put her into a hard situation if the Greater Returns program had had not taught her how to describe the years she spent at home．“I now feel confident talking to an employer and saying，‘ Yes，I have been out of the work force，but here is where I can make significant contributions.’”

1.What is the best title for the passage?

A．Off ramp：it is common　　　　　　　　

B．On ramp：it is easy

C．Off ramp or on ramp：it depends on confidence

D．Off ramp to on ramp：it can be a hard Journey

2.According to the passage，Greater Returns___________．

A．is intended to relieve the pressure of the jobless women

B．has all the jobless women restart their career

C．will build up the confidence of those in search of jobs

D．is to last a11 the year around for the jobless women

3.The main reason for the women’s off-ramping is that_________．

A．they have to suffer the sexual discrimination

B．they have to parent their children

C．they reach a crossroad of career

D．they have great work pressure

4.From what Ms．Hoffman says in the last paragraph，we can conclude________ .

A．she didn’t get advice from the Greater Returns program

B．she was defensive about her off-ramping

C．she didn’t get the job because she lied about her experience

D．she is off ramp partly due to her straightforward manner

5.Which job is easier to get for a woman off-ramper?

A．Regular workers.                        B．Casual workers.

C．Company managers.                     D．Bank clerks.

    In October 1949 the United Nations brought a number of specialists on food on Geneva, to discuss the problems of eating habits and food supplies of people throughout the world. One problem that interested the specialists particularly was a form of illness, about which little was known among the children in Africa.

    Two doctors were chosen to make the study. They flew to Africa and during the next two months visited ten countries. They found that serious diseases of poor eating, often mistaken for other diseases, existed in all parts of Africa. The diseases were similar and could therefore all be named kwashiorkor(恶性营养不良).

    The diseased children are usually from one to four years old. As the illness progresses, the child’s stomach becomes swollen(肿胀的) by liquid collecting in the body. The skin changes colour and may break out in open sores(伤口). The hair changes colour and starts to fall out. The patient loses all interest in his surroundings and even in food, and becomes so weak that he wants to lie down all the time. Stomach liquids are no longer produced.

    The doctors reasoned that kwashiorkor was found in the young children of this age in many parts of Africa because of lack of milk or meat. Their mothers, after stopping their breast-feeding, gave them foods full of starches(淀粉) instead of greatly needed proteins(蛋白质). They found that the addition of milk to the food of children suffering from kwashiorkor saved many lives.

    It was necessary that the children of Africa be helped to eat better. The doctors suggested that the production of foods rich in protein be increased; they thought that more fish should be caught and more nuts should be grown. That urged education plans to teach mothers better ways of feeding children. They suggested that the United Nations should send large quantities of powdered milk to hospitals and child-health centres. Finally, they suggested closer study of all the special problems connected with kwashiorkor.

71. Kwashiorkor is a disease which is caused by _______ .

A. poor living conditions

B. another unknown disease

C. having no food

D. not having enough protein

72. One difficulty in discovering kwashiorkor is that _______ .

A. people know nothing about it

B. it is like other diseases

C. it is hard to see signs of it

D. it does not last long

73. A main sign of the disease is that children who have it _______ .

A. cannot sit still

B. cannot walk

C. have a large stomach　

D. are always hungry

74. A good way to cure the disease is by _______ .

A. eating better　　　　　　　B. eating more starches

C. eating fruits　　　　　　　D. drinking pure water

75. The United Nations can help to put an end to kwashiorkor by sending _______.

A. drugs

B. food with high protein content

C. medical teams

D. clean food

Macao(澳门) is only forty miles from Hong Kong and it is easy to reach. You can get there by sea. It is an interesting place and it had a long history. Macao is part of China and most people living there are Chinese.

　　The first Europeans to go to Macao came from Portugal(葡萄牙). More than four hundred years ago the Portuguese went there to trade with China. Some settled and made their homes there. They built strong forts(堡垒,炮台) to guard the city and the harbor. They also built churches, schools, hospitals and other places. Slowly the city grew. People from many countries came to live and work in Macao.

　　Today many people visit Macao. Some only go there to watch dog-racing or motor-racing or to gamble(赌博) with their money. But Macao is a quiet and peaceful place. It is pleasant just to walk around and look at old buildings and forts. You feel you are back in the old days. Of course, some of the buildings are now in ruins. The Church of St. Paul has only the front wall with many steps leading up to it. But it is still interesting to see.

　　When you are hot and tired, there are small cool gardens to rest in. when you are hungry, there are good restaurants with many kinds of food. Nearby there are some islands, which are also nice and are easy to get to. There is certainly a lot to do in Macao.

1.Macao is easy to get to because_________.

　　A. most people there are Chinese  

　　B. it is not far away from Hong Kong

　　C. it is very fast and cheap by sea                   

　　D. it is an interesting place

2.You feel in Macao you are back in the old days because_________.

　　A. most of the buildings are now in ruins

　　B. you can watch dog-racing or motor-racing

　　C. you can go about to see the old buildings and forts

　　D. it is a peaceful place

3.Where will you have a break when you feel tired?

　　A. In good restaurants.                 B. In small cool gardens.

　　C. On some islands.                 D. In beautiful parks.

4.The writer’s idea seems to be that_________.

　　A. people from many countries came to live and work in Macao

　　B. Portuguese were willing to do business in China

　　C. people in Macao serve good food

D. Macao is a quiet and peaceful place with a lot to see and to do

　　　the world records　　　  highly thought of throughout the world.

A.Break;is　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.Breaking;is

C.To break;are　　　　　　　　　　　　D.Breaking;are