When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are only some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知, 认知):

(1) Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education and personal experiences.

(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that a person's perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person, or you may focus(聚焦) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends and strangers.

(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory(矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore(忽视) the misdeed — “He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行窃).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information— “All kids are naughty. Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information — “It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.” …

The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _______.

A. what we see and what we hear  B. cultural background and personal experiences

C. experiences one learns from others  D. critical measures taken by other people

While one observes a particular person, _______.

A. he is likely to take everything into consideration

B. he pays more attention to the person's advantages

C. children often differ from grown-ups in perception

D. his perception may be affected by other people's opinions

Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because _______.

A. their measuring standards are not the same

B. either of them may be slow to catch information

C. the time for observation is not long enough

D. each of them uses different languages to express his / her impressions

The worst thing in selective perception is that ________.

A. perceived information runs against your desire

B. it contains some private feelings that may be wrong

C. importance of the contradictory information can be praised

D. the same information may not be dealt with in the same way

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断；如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：

此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该回的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

Of all my teachers, Mr. Smith is one who impresses me most.       1．_________

Although he is 40 and ordinary, but he looks very young.                    2．_________

And he is one of the most popular teacher in our school.                     3．_________

Comparing with other teachers, he pays more attention to his way        4．_________

of teaching. He tries various ways make his classes interesting.            5．_________

In her opinion, we should not only know “what” but also                     6．_________

understand “why”. So, instead of giving us answers immediate,           7．_________

he encouraged us to think by ourselves when he puts forward              8．_________

questions. With his help, we have learned how to analyze and               9．_________

settle problems. How a wonderful world of “why” he leads us to!       10．_________

    When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知，认知):

Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.

Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person’s perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by some. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus（聚焦） primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.

Sometimes we see only what we want to see what may be obverse to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory（矛盾的）information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽视) the misdeed—“He’s basically a good boy, so what I saw was not shoplifting.” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information—“All kids get into mischief(顽皮). Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We call change the meaning of the contradictory information—“It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”

72．The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is           .

       A．what we see and what we hear

       B．cultural background and personal experiences

       C．experiences one learns from others

       D．critical measures taken by other people

73．While one observes a particular person         .

       A．he is likely to take everything into consideration

       B．he pays more attention to the person’s advantages

       C．children often differ from grown – ups in perception

       D．his perception may be affected by other people’s opinions

74．Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because         .

A．their yardsticks are not the same    

B．either of them may be slow to catch information

C．the time for observations is not long enough

D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions

75．The worst thing in selective perception is that         .

A．perceived information runs against your desire 

B．it contains some private feelings that may be wrong

C．importance of the contradictory information can be praised

       D．the same information may not be dealt with in the same way

Packaging is an important form of advertising．A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product．For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character．The child is more interested in the picture than in breakfast food．Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or a small gift inside a box also motivate many children to buy products or to ask their parents to buy for them．

Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing．Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this．Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is free．However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product．The size of a package also motivates a buyer．Maybe the package had “Economy Size” or “Family Size” printed on it．This suggests that the larger size has the most product for the least money．But that is not always true．To find it out, a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit．

The information on the package should provide some answers．But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement．The words and pictures do not tell the whole story．Only the product inside can do that．

1.From the passage we know the buyer pays more attention to __________．

2.What suggestion does the author give in the passage?

3.What is the best title for the passage?