You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with its own rain?sensing umbrella.

The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once，I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp，”he said.

The Lampbrella is a standard?looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built?in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

In addition to the rain sensor，there’s also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

According to the designer，the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed，so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides，it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 meters off the ground，it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production，Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department，and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?

A．To predict a heavy rain.

B．To check the weather forecast.

C．To protect people from the rain.

D．To remind people to take an umbrella.

2.What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?

A．His creation was inspired by an experience.

B．It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.

C．Street lamps are protected by canopies.

D．He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.

3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?

A．motor→canopy→sensors

B．sensors→motor→canopy

C．motor→sensors→canopy

D．canopy→motor→sensors

4.What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?

A．Its moving speed.

B．Its appearance.

C．Its installation.

D．Its safety.

5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．The designer will open a company to promote his product.

B．The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.

C．The designer is confident that his creation is practical.

D．The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.

Attending a university is an important part of a person’s life. Today, many people go to a university to study and train for a future job in subjects like law, medicine, or education. But the university is not a modern invention. It has a history that is over a thousand years old.
The world’s oldest university, Al-Azhar, is in Cairo, Egypt. It was first built as a mosque in A.D. 972. A few years later, learners and teachers began meeting in the mosque in “tutoring circles”. They read and talked about the subject of law. Around 988, leaders in the city of Cairo decided to create a school for higher learning and the University of Al-Azhar was founded.
At Al-Azhar, there were many university ‘firsts.’ Courses were created. The earliest ones taught at Al-Azhar were in law and religion. In a course, students read and studied with the teacher, but there was also free discussion. Often, students and teachers talked about a topic, and there was no ‘right’ answer. Finally, scholars from around the world came to Al-Azhar to teach and do research. At the university, people studied the past, but it was also a place for sharing new ideas.
Over a thousand years later, Al-Azhar is still an important university in the world. Its library contains more than 250,000 of the world’s oldest and most valuable books. Today, many of the world’s most important universities such as Oxford and Harvard still follow the traditions started at Al-Azhar.
【小题1】What’s this passage mainly about?

The people below are going to make a trip in Australia. After the description of these people, there is information about six advertisements of organized tours A-F. Decide which tours would be most suitable for the person mentioned in descriptions 1-5 and then mark the correct letter (A-F) on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph about one tour which you do not need to use.

____ 1. Victor is fond of nature and adventure and he is making a study tour into geology in Australia. So he wants to make a whole day trip, enjoy the natural beauty and study geological phenomena as well.

____ 2. Vanessa is planning a short city tour of Sydney so that she can enjoy the highlights of the city and attend an important lecture given by Professor Brown Smith at 2:00 pm at the University of Sydney.

____ 3. Charlie and his friends are making their first journey in Australia. Having traveled around the city of Sydney, they plan to visit Canberra, the capital and political center of the country.

____ 4. Jenny, a European woman with her children is visiting her relatives in Australia. They want to relax themselves by enjoying the sunshine on the sandy beaches along the coast and have fun with dolphins.

____ 5. Mike and Susan are from Brazil. They have been traveling in Australia for a couple of days. This weekend, they would like to have a change and travel to the countryside to have some idea of Australia grape farming and wine producing instead of making city tours around.

A. City Highlights, Manly Beach, Northern Beaches

B. New Parliament House, National Museum, Australian War Memorial

C. Cuddle a Koala, Kangaroos, Harbour Luncheon Cruise

D. Hunter Valley Wineries, Wine Tasting, Traditional Aussie Towns

E. Port Stephens, Central Coast Beaches, North Coast, Dolphin Watching

F. Jenolan Caves, Blue Mountains, Adventure Caves

Way back in 1662，John Evelyn，a brilliant Englishman known for his detailed diaries，wrote about disastrous effects of coal-burning on the city of London .In it,he described an infernal scene of smog．air filled with “Columns and Clouds of Smoke’’given out by small industries and residences that burned coal for fuel．

? I found the description in the 2003 book When Smoke Ran like Water，by epidemiologist(流行病学家)and environmental advocator(倡导者)Devra Davis．In it,Davis looks back at several historic pollution events and their disastrous effect on human human health-and at how these phenomena were often Ignored or even actively covered up by then people in charge at that time.

? As Davis points out，John Evelyn was ahead of his time when writing about how London’s polluted air affected? the well-being of its residents．It wasn’t? until nearly 300 years later,after what became well-known as the Great Smog of 1952，that the government began to address the problem in a systematic way．

For four days．Between December 5th“and 9th“，due to all accident of the weather pattern，the city was buried in a heavy fog .People were still burning coal for fuel，and low-grade coal at that time， because 0f wartime condition．A temperature inversion(转向)trapped the smoke from the city’s fires， creating a black cloud in which people could barely find their way down the most familiar streets

Some tried to protect themselves，but most people simply went about their business. But l952’s fog was far worse than any other in memory．In the same week of the previous year, 1852 people had died in London；inl952，that number was 4703 And the deaths didn’t stop when the weather changed and the fog lifted．Davis and her colleagues analyzed data from the next several months and found that about 13000 more people died between December and March than one would have predicted from historical averages Many of them died of pneumonia(肺炎)．The government，she writes．Tried to blame a bad flu season．Her detailed analysis found that explanation simply did

not pan out．

? Davis writes that even today in this country ,we still have not completely absorbed the lessons of similar events．Sixty years the killer fog lifted in London，people are dying preventable deaths and suffering life．changing illnesses，simply because they must breathe the air of the cities where they live

1.The passage is written to ???

A. warn people of the danger from air pollution????

B. introduce London’s Great Smog of l952

C. blame the government for the smog??? ???????

D. explain the reasons for air pollution

2.The underlined word‘‘infernal” in the first paragraph probably means“??? ”

A．imaginary??? B .adventurous??? C. unbelievable?? D .annoying

3.One of the reasons for the Great Smog of l952wasthat——

A .people burned wood for fuel?????? ?

B. a forest fire created a black cloud over the city

C．the government ignored the smog??

D. most people went abouttheirbusine00

4.How does the writer feel about the present air condition in London?

A. lndifferent?? B Concerned??? C．Hopeless．D. Panic

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
An 8.8­magnitude earthquake struck Chile on 27 Feb,2010.More than 300 people are reported __【小题1】__(kill) in Chile after a magnitude 8.8 earthquake hit the South American nation early Saturday，__【小题2】__(cause)considerable destruction as well，and creating tsunami warnings across the Pacific Ocean.
Rescuers worked frantically for hours to help survivors of the quake __【小题3】__centered 100 kilometers from the city of Concepcion but caused damage and deaths in several parts of Chile.
Homes，buildings and bridges collapsed or caught fire，cars __【小题4】__(overturn)，and the main international airport had to be shut down because of damage. One survivor said it was terrible. She said she thought she was not __【小题5】__(scare)of earthquakes but then，she says，it looked as if everything was going to collapse. There were at least eight aftershocks and tidal waves of up __【小题6】__ two meters that hit Chile’s coast. Residents in lowlying areas and living on islands off the mainland tried to flee __【小题7】__higher ground. Chile experiences many earthquakes but the early Saturday natural disaster was __【小题8】__of its most severe (剧烈的). Thorne Lay，a geophysicist at the University of California，Santa Cruz，said it was much stronger than __【小题9】__one that caused devastation(废墟)in Haiti last month，but probably less __【小题10】__(destroy)，because of where it was centered.