摘要:敏感的,灵敏的 12.娱乐,消遣

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  PITTSBURGH -For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening(有威胁的).But Howie Choset sees in their delicate(灵敏的)movements a way to save lives.

  The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots he hopes will eventually slide(滑)through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies(紧急情况).

  Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows.He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.

  The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操纵杆).They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists(业余爱好者)in model airplanes.

  Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller.They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.

  Sam Stover, a search team manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility(灵活性)than equipment currently available(可利用的), such as cameras attached(系)to extendable poles.

  “It just allows us to do something we’ve not been able to do before,” Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.”

  He said sniffer dogs(嗅探犬)are still the best search tool for rescue(救援)workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access(接近)to damaged buildings.

  Stover, among the rescue workers who handled(处理)the aftermath(后果)of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.

  Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding(资金).

(1)

Which institution(机构)is responsible for the development of Choset’s robots?

[  ]

A.

Robotics Trends.

B.

Pittsburgh City Council.

C.

Carnegie Mellon University.

D.

Federal Emergency Management Agency.

(2)

Choset believes that his invention ________.

[  ]

A.

can be attached to an electronic arm

B.

can be used by hobbyists in model airplanes

C.

can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dog

D.

can sense its way no better than its operators

(3)

By saying “We needed them yesterday”(Paragraph 7), Stover means that snake-like robots ________.

[  ]

A.

could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

B.

would have been put to use in past rescue work

C.

helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterday

D.

were in greater need yesterday than today

(4)

What is the text mainly about?

[  ]

A.

Snake-like robots used in industries.

B.

Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.

C.

The development of snake-like robots.

D.

The working principles of snake-like robots.

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  Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air, which we call the atmosphere. The atmosphere is the mixture of gases and other materials that surround the Earth in a thin, mostly transparent(透明的)shell. It is held in place by the Earth's gravity. It reaches over 560 kilometers (348 miles) from the surface of the Earth, so we are only able to see what occurs fairly close to the ground. Early attempts at studying the nature of the atmosphere used clues from the weather, the beautiful multi-colored(有多种不同颜色的)sunsets and sunrises, and the twinkling of stars. With the use of sensitive(灵敏的)instruments from space, we are able to get a better view of the functioning of our atmosphere.

  Life on Earth would not be possible without the atmosphere. Obviously, it provides the oxygen we need to breathe. But it also serves other important functions. It moderates(缓和)the planet's temperature, reducing the extremes that occur on airless worlds. For example, temperatures on the moon range from 120℃ (about 250℉) in the day to -170℃ (about -275℉) at night. It also recycles water and other chemicals. The atmosphere also protects us by absorbing(吸收)and scattering(驱散)harmful radiation from the sun and space. Of the total amount of the sun's energy that reaches the Earth, 30% is reflected back into space by clouds and the Earth's surface. The atmosphere absorbs 19%. Only 51% is absorbed by the Earth's surface.

  The density(密度)of air also decreases rapidly with altitude. At 3 km (2 miles) air density has decreased by 30%. People who normally live closer to sea level experience temporary breathing difficulties when traveling to these altitudes. The highest permanent human settlements are at about 4 km (3 miles) .

(1)The atmosphere is ________ .

[  ]

A.the cloud that surround the earth

B.a mixture of gases and other materials

C.the oxygen we need to breathe

D.a thin, mostly transparent shell

(2)Temperatures on the moon vary greatly between day and night probably because ________ .

[  ]

A.the density of air on the moon is so tow

B.it is very far from the sun

C.it doesn't have the atmosphere as the earth.

D.it has a lot of radiation

(3)What is the main idea of the passage?

[  ]

A.What the atmosphere is and the functions of it(作用).

B.What the atmosphere is made up of.

C.The density of air decreases with altitude.

D.The atmosphere can moderate the temperatures on the earth.

(4)From the last paragraph we may know that ________ .

[  ]

A.the density of air in the areas close to sea level is thinner than that in the mountainous areas

B.the higher people live, the better the air is

C.the density of air in the mountainous areas is thinner than that in the coastal areas

D.people like to live in the high altitude rather than in the low altitude 查看习题详情和答案>>

  Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air, which we call the atmosphere. The atmosphere is the mixture of gases and other materials that surround the Earth in a thin, mostly transparent(透明的)shell. It is held in place by the Earth's gravity. It reaches over 560 kilometers (348 miles) from the surface of the Earth, so we are only able to see what occurs fairly close to the ground. Early attempts at studying the nature of the atmosphere used clues from the weather, the beautiful multi-colored(有多种不同颜色的)sunsets and sunrises, and the twinkling of stars. With the use of sensitive(灵敏的)instruments from space, we are able to get a better view of the functioning of our atmosphere.

  Life on Earth would not be possible without the atmosphere. Obviously, it provides the oxygen we need to breathe. But it also serves other important functions. It moderates(缓和)the planet's temperature, reducing the extremes that occur on airless worlds. For example, temperatures on the moon range from 120℃ (about 250℉) in the day to -170℃ (about -275℉) at night. It also recycles water and other chemicals. The atmosphere also protects us by absorbing(吸收)and scattering(驱散)harmful radiation from the sun and space. Of the total amount of the sun's energy that reaches the Earth, 30% is reflected back into space by clouds and the Earth's surface. The atmosphere absorbs 19%. Only 51% is absorbed by the Earth's surface.

  The density(密度)of air also decreases rapidly with altitude. At 3 km (2 miles) air density has decreased by 30%. People who normally live closer to sea level experience temporary breathing difficulties when traveling to these altitudes. The highest permanent human settlements are at about 4 km (3 miles) .

(1)The atmosphere is ________ .

[  ]

A.the cloud that surround the earth

B.a mixture of gases and other materials

C.the oxygen we need to breathe

D.a thin, mostly transparent shell

(2)Temperatures on the moon vary greatly between day and night probably because ________ .

[  ]

A.the density of air on the moon is so tow

B.it is very far from the sun

C.it doesn't have the atmosphere as the earth.

D.it has a lot of radiation

(3)What is the main idea of the passage?

[  ]

A.What the atmosphere is and the functions of it(作用).

B.What the atmosphere is made up of.

C.The density of air decreases with altitude.

D.The atmosphere can moderate the temperatures on the earth.

(4)From the last paragraph we may know that ________ .

[  ]

A.the density of air in the areas close to sea level is thinner than that in the mountainous areas

B.the higher people live, the better the air is

C.the density of air in the mountainous areas is thinner than that in the coastal areas

D.people like to live in the high altitude rather than in the low altitude 查看习题详情和答案>>

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