题目内容
Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air, which we call the atmosphere. The atmosphere is the mixture of gases and other materials that surround the Earth in a thin, mostly transparent(透明的)shell. It is held in place by the Earth's gravity. It reaches over 560 kilometers (348 miles) from the surface of the Earth, so we are only able to see what occurs fairly close to the ground. Early attempts at studying the nature of the atmosphere used clues from the weather, the beautiful multi-colored(有多种不同颜色的)sunsets and sunrises, and the twinkling of stars. With the use of sensitive(灵敏的)instruments from space, we are able to get a better view of the functioning of our atmosphere.
Life on Earth would not be possible without the atmosphere. Obviously, it provides the oxygen we need to breathe. But it also serves other important functions. It moderates(缓和)the planet's temperature, reducing the extremes that occur on airless worlds. For example, temperatures on the moon range from 120℃ (about 250℉) in the day to -170℃ (about -275℉) at night. It also recycles water and other chemicals. The atmosphere also protects us by absorbing(吸收)and scattering(驱散)harmful radiation from the sun and space. Of the total amount of the sun's energy that reaches the Earth, 30% is reflected back into space by clouds and the Earth's surface. The atmosphere absorbs 19%. Only 51% is absorbed by the Earth's surface.
The density(密度)of air also decreases rapidly with altitude. At 3 km (2 miles) air density has decreased by 30%. People who normally live closer to sea level experience temporary breathing difficulties when traveling to these altitudes. The highest permanent human settlements are at about 4 km (3 miles) .
(1)The atmosphere is ________ .
[ ]
A.the cloud that surround the earth
B.a mixture of gases and other materials
C.the oxygen we need to breathe
D.a thin, mostly transparent shell
(2)Temperatures on the moon vary greatly between day and night probably because ________ .
[ ]
A.the density of air on the moon is so tow
B.it is very far from the sun
C.it doesn't have the atmosphere as the earth.
D.it has a lot of radiation
(3)What is the main idea of the passage?
[ ]
A.What the atmosphere is and the functions of it(作用).
B.What the atmosphere is made up of.
C.The density of air decreases with altitude.
D.The atmosphere can moderate the temperatures on the earth.
(4)From the last paragraph we may know that ________ .
[ ]
A.the density of air in the areas close to sea level is thinner than that in the mountainous areas
B.the higher people live, the better the air is
C.the density of air in the mountainous areas is thinner than that in the coastal areas
D.people like to live in the high altitude rather than in the low altitude