When a 13-year-old Virginal girl started sneezing, her parents thought it was merely a cold. But when the sneezes continued for hours, they called in a doctor. Nearly two months later the girl was still sneezing, thousands of times a day, and her case had attracted worldwide attention.

Hundreds of suggestions, ranging from “put a clothes pin on her nose” to “have her stand on her head” poured in. But nothing did any good. Finally, she was taken to Johns Hopkins Hospital where Dr. Leo Kanner, one of the world’s top authorities on sneezing, solved the baffling (难以理解的) problem with great speed.

He used neither drugs nor surgery for, curiously enough, the clue for the treatment was found in an ancient superstition(迷信) about the amazing bodily reaction we call the sneeze. It was all in her mind, he said, a view which Aristotle, some 3,000 years earlier, would have agreed with heartily.

Dr. Kanner simply gave a modern psychological interpretation to the ancient belief that too much sneezing was an indication that the spirit was troubled; and he began to treat the girl accordingly.

“Less than two days in a hospital room, a plan for better scholastic and vocational（职业的） adjustment, and reassurance about her unreasonable fear of tuberculosis（肺结核） quickly changed her from a sneezer to an ex-sneezer,” he reported.

Sneezing has always been a subject of wonder, awe and puzzlement. Dr Kanner has collected thousands of superstitions concerning it. The most universal one is the custom of begging for the blessing of God when a person sneezes— a practice Dr. Kanner traces back to the ancient belief that a sneeze was an indication that the sneezer was possessed of an evil spirit. Strangely, people over the world still continue the custom with the traditional, “God bless you” or something else.

   When scientists look at the sneeze, they see a remarkable mechanism（身体机制） which, without any conscious help from you, takes on a job that has to be done. When you need to sneeze you sneeze, this being nature’s clever way of getting rid of an annoying object from the nose. The object may be just some dust in the nose which nature is trying to remove.

51. The girl sneezed continuously because she __________.

   A. was ill                                B. was mentally ill

   C. had heavy mental burden                 D. had attracted world-wide attention

52. When the girl began to sneeze continuously, ___________.

   A. a lot of people offered their advice

   B. she was taken to John Hopkins Hospital

   C. she was given a treatment found in ancient superstition

   D. many doctors treated her in different ways

53. Dr. Kanner cured the girl by ___________.

   A. using Aristole’s method                   B. giving her psychological treatment

   C. practicing superstition                    D. treating her tuberculosis

54. When a person sneezes, we say “God bless you” because____________.

   A. it’s a tradition                           B. the person is possessed of an evil spirit

   C. the person is ill                          D. God will bless those who sneeze

55. According to scientists, people sneeze because _____________.

   A. they are ill                              B. to sneeze is human nature

   C. they do not need any conscious help         D. there are unwanted things in their noses

Receiving is Giving

I learned about giving in a gentle, caring way. Because my mother was a skilled seamstress(女裁缝)，I was a 　36 child. It might have been something related to “the joy of giving” that make me 　37 several of my most fashionable dresses to a less 　38 little girl, who lived with disabled parents.

　 After thanking me gratefully, the little girl 39 me her only party dress. Puzzled, I tried to 40 , but my mother guided me. She thanked the girl and told her how happy I would be 41 the dress. Then I came to know that my greatest gift to the girl was 42 of the gift she offered me.

　 Many years later, I stood by 43 as my small rabbit Ashley lay dying. Suddenly she 44 a scratch(抓痕)on the shoulder of her friend Lillian. With a last burst of 　45 ,she raised her head and began to 　46 Lillian’s cut. With more strength than she had 47 in several weeks, she struggled to make Lillian feel 48 . Lillian’s last gift to her dying friend was to 49 . Actually, Lillian just sat there to accept Ashley’s 　50 and gentle cleaning quietly.

　 　 51 then, I have witnessed the same phenomenon several times. Dying rabbits take care of the wounded rabbits, who give by allowing 52 to be cared for. I’m just 　53 to see animals show such pride, self-respect, and a sense of when to give and 54　 to receive.

　 I think we human beings have to 　55 this: sometimes receiving is giving.

36.A. well-known 　　 B. well-behaved 　　　　 C. well-dressed 　　　　 D. well-educated

37.A. give in　　　 　　 B. give up 　　　　　　　　 C. give away 　　　　　　 D. give off

38.A. beautiful 　　　　　 B. fortunate 　　　　　　　 C. total 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. optimistic

39.A. offered 　　　　　　 B. showed 　　　　　　　　 C. donated 　　　　　　　 D. selected

40.A. escape 　　　　　　 B. apologize 　　　 C. avoid 　　　　　　　　　 D. refuse

41.A. wear 　　　　　　　 B. wearing 　　　　　　　　 C. to wear 　　　　　　　　 D. wore

42.A. sneeze 　　　　　　 B. refusal 　　　　　　　　 C. acceptance 　　　　　 D. scolding

43.A. helplessly 　　　　 B. impatiently 　　　　　 C. curiously 　　　　　　　　　　 D. dynamically

44. A. touched 　　　　　 B. noticed 　　　　　　　　 C. checked 　　　　　　　 D. exposed

45. A. force 　　　　　　　 B. energy 　　　　　　　　 C. attention 　　　　　　　　 D. courage

46. A. cover 　　　　　　　　　　 B. correct 　　　　　　　　 C. cure 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. clean

47.A. gathered 　　　　　 B. increased 　　　　　　　　　　 C. followed 　　　　　　　 D. adored

48.A. convenient 　　　 B. selfless 　　　　　　　　　 C. comfortable 　　　　　 D. unbearable

49.A. share 　　　　　　　 B. receive 　　　　　　　　 C. give 　　　　　　　　　　 D. teach

50.A. sympathy 　　　　 B. concern 　　　　　　　 C. admiration 　　　　　　　　　　 D. respect

51.A. After 　　　　　　　 B. Since 　　　　　　　　　 C. Before 　　　　　　　　 D. By

52.A. themselves 　　　　　　 B. herself 　　　　　　　　 C. himself 　　　　　　　　 D. itself

53.A. excited 　　　　　　 B. relaxed 　　　　　　　　 C. frightened 　　　　　　 D. astonished

54.A. when 　　　　　　　 B. how 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. where 　　　　　　　　　 D. what

55.A. commit 　　　　　 B. face 　　　　　　　　　　 C. admit 　　　　　　　　　 D. learn

When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me.”
This seems so simple, but it is surprising how many kids have never been told to do this. Actually, I notice adults all the time who cough and sneeze in public without placing a hand over the mouth. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hands, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. If not, they will be passing those germs (细菌) along to everything and everyone they touch.
If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass through first, then you can walk through. If the door opens by pushing, hold the door after you pass through.
After a few weeks of seeing kids try to get through doors in the school and watching them enter restaurants as the door hit other people, I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students. Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go along way toward helping students realize hot to be polite and thank others. Once they’ve been told, they’re halfway there.
When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right. That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left-hand side of the moving stairs. When we are going to enter a lift, the underground, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter.
After college when I moved to London, I was surprised at how polite everyone was in the subways. I was even more touched when I traveled to Japan. In both places, people made efforts to make way for others. On moving stairs, everyone stood to the right and walked to the left. On lifts, everyone would stand over to the side and allow others to exit before they would begin to enter.
【小题1】When you cough or sneeze, you should ________.

A． doctor

B．traveler

C．parent

D．teacher