Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes(运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
　　The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
　　Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
【小题1】An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______

Fourteen – year – old Richie Hawley had spent five years studying violin at the Community School of Performing Arts in Los Angeles when he took part in a violin contest. Ninety two young people were invited to the contest and Hawley came out first．

　　The contest could have been the perfect setup for fear, worrying about mistakes, and trying to impress the judges. But Hawley says he did pretty well in staying calm. “I couldn’t be thinking about how many mistakes I’d make — it would distract me from playing,” he says. “I didn’t even remember trying to impress people while I played. It’s almost as if they weren’t there. I just wanted to make music.”

Hawley is a winner. But he didn’t become a winner by concentrating on winning. He did it by concentrating on playing well．

　　“The important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part,” said the founder of the modern Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin. “The important thing in life is not the triumph (胜利) but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.”

　　A characteristic of high performers is their intense, pleasurable concentration on work, rather than on their competitors or future glory or money, says Dr. Charles Garfield, who has studied 1,500 achievers in business, science, sports, the arts, and professions. “They are interested in winning, but they are most interested in self - development, testing their limits.”

　　One of the most surprising things about top performers is how many losses they’ve had and how much they’ve learned from each. “Not one of the 1,500 I studied defined losing as failing,” Garfield says. “They kept calling their losses ‘setbacks’.”

　　A healthy attitude toward setbacks is essential to winning, experts agree．

　　“The worst thing you can do if you’ve had a setback is to let yourself get stuck in a long depression. You should analyze carefully what went wrong, identify specific things you did right and give yourself credit for them.” Garfield believes that most people don’t give themselves enough praise. He even suggests keeping a diary of all the positive things you’ve done on the way to a goal．

1.Hawley won the contest because ________．

A. he put all his mind to his performance

B. he cared much about the judges’ feelings

C. he tried his best to avoid making mistakes

D. he paid close attention to the people around

2.According to the passage, successful people concentrate on ________．

A. challenging their own limits                              B. learning from others

C. defeating their opponents                                    D. avoiding setbacks

3.The passage tells us that “praise” in times of trouble ________．

A. helps people deal with their disappointment

B. makes people forget their setbacks

C. makes people regret about their past

D. helps people analyze what went wrong

完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）

　　阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When Dunstan Cass left the cottage, Silas Marner was only a hundred meters away. He was

walking home from the village, where he had   36   to buy what he needed   37    his next day’s work. His legs were tired, but he felt almost happy. He was looking forward to  38  , when he would bring out his gold．Tonight he had an extra reason to hurry home. He was going to eat hot meat, which was   39   for him. And it would   40   him nothing, because someone had given him a piece of meat as a present. He left it   41   over the fire. The door key was needed to hold it safe in place, but Cass was not at all   42  about leaving his gold in the cottage with the door

  43  . He could not imagine that a thief would   44    his way through the mist, rain and darkness to the little cottage by the quarry ( 采石场 ).

   When he reached his cottage and opened the door, he did not notice   45     anything was different. He   46   is wet coat, and pushed the meat   47    he fire.   48   he was warm again, he began to think about his gold . It seemed a long time to wait until after super, when he usually brought out coins to look at.   49     he decided to bring out his gold immediately, while the meat was still cooking.

   But when he   50    he floorboards near the loom, and saw the   51   hole, he did not understand   52  . His heart beat violently as his trembling hands felt all round the hole. There was    53    !he put his hands to his head and tried to think . Had he put his gold in a different place, and forgotten about it? He   54    every corner of this small cottage, until he could not pretend to himself any more. He had to accept the truth----his gold had been  55   !

36．A．arrived          B．been          C．left           D．gone

37．A．to              B．in                  C．for           D．with

38．A．holiday      B．old           C．supper-time    D．meat

39．A．ordinary     B．unusual             C．normal        D．common

40．A．pay                 B．spend               C．take           D．cost

41．A．boiling              B．cooking             C．smoking       D．making

42．A．interesting           B．worried             C．interested       D．worrying

43．A．unlocked      B．uncovered           C．discovered     D．locked

44．A．go          B．lead               C．find           D．lose

45．A．whether        B．that                C．because      D．as

46．A．turned off          B．threw into          C．threw off            D．got off

47．A．away from          B．farther on           C．on to        D．closer to

48．A．As soon as          B．As well as          C．No sooner     D．As long as

49．A．But                B．As                 C．So                 D．For

50．A．took down          B．took after      C．took over            D．took up

51．A．dark               B．empty       C．small        D．deep

52．A．at last              B．at once          C．at most              D．at least

53．A．everything           B．something           C．nothing      D．anything

54．A．search              B．search for            C．looked into   D．found

55．A．gone                B．missed              C．lost           D．stolen

You must be excited about going abroad for schooling． ________，but I am worrying about my poor English．

[　　]

He lost his arms in an accident that took his father’s life. Since then，he has had to depend on the __31__ of his younger brother.__32__ writing with his toes，he was completely unable to do anything in his life. But when the two brothers grew up，his younger brother __33__ to separate from him，living his own life，as many normal people do. So he was __34__ and didn’t know what to do.

A __35__ disaster befell (降临) a girl，too. One night her mother，who  __36__ from mental illness disappeared. So her father went out looking for her mother，__37__ her alone at home. She tried to prepare meals for her parents，__38__ to overturn the kerosene light (煤油灯) on the stove，__39__ in a fire which took her hands away.

Though her elder sister showed her __40__ to take care of her，she was determined to be completely __41__.At school，she always studied hard. Once she wrote the following in her composition: “I am __42__.Though I lost my arms，I still have legs; I am lucky.__43__ my wings are broken，my heart can still fly.”

One day，the boy and the girl were both invited to __44__ on a television interview program. The boy told the TV host about his uncertain __45__ at being left on his own.__46__，the girl was full of hope for her life. They both were __47__ to write something on a piece of paper with their toes. The boy wrote: My younger brother’s arms are my arms while the girl wrote: Broken wings，__48__ heart.

It is true that __49__ can strike at any time. But if you decide to be strong，the hardship will __50__ to be a fortune on which new hopes will arise.