B
Many people catch a cold in the springtime or fall. It makes us wonder. If scientists can send a man to the moon, why can’t they find a way to deal with the common cold? The answer is easy. There are actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn’t a cure for each one.
When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion（拥塞）in it. That is to say, you cannot breathe well. As a result, you feel terrible. However, your body is actually “eating” the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is also killing the virus. Besides, you have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting into you. You may feel terrible, but in fact your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold.
Different people have different ways to deal with common colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot baths; some drink warm water, milk, or things like that; other people take medicine to stop the fever, congestion, and runny nose.
Some scientists suggest you should not take medicine when having a common cold, saying that it is bad for you to do that. If you take medicine, your body will stop reacting to the virus and thus won’t have a way to fight it and kill it, which makes the virus stay in you longer. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own.
56. According to the passage, what makes us wonder?
A. Why we never know which cold we will get.
B. Why scientists are able to send a man to the moon.
C. Why scientists cannot find a cure for the common cold.
D. Why there are hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there.
57. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage when we are suffering from colds?
A. Fever.       B. Headache.      C. Runny nose.       D. Congestion.
58. When you have congestion in your nose, ________.
A. you will not be able to breathe well
B. your temperature is going to rise
C. your blood is running too fast
D. you will have a runny nose
59. According to the passage, people may deal with common colds in different ways EXCEPT ________.
A. taking medicine   B. taking hot baths   C. eating chicken soup   D. drinking alcohol
60. Some scientists advise you not to take medicine when you have a common cold because _______.
A. your body will fight and kill the virus on its own
B. your body will probably react too much to the virus
C. it will take longer time for your body to get over the virus
D. it will not be able to stop the fever, congestion or runny nose

One day I was doing a big clean-up when I   36  a knotted handkerchief with an old dark brown coin inside. I took one look and immediately    37   an unforgettable time.
In 1991, I had spent five months in Niger, with sandstorms and great heat. Its    38   and beggars were my biggest and most constant complaint. Street beggars would continually reached out their hands, shouting “Gift! Gift!”
One day, I   39   for neighboring Burkina to work in a health clinic.Arriving by taxi at our destination in Burkina, we began to   40  . Out of the darkness, a motorbike with two men approached slowly. Without   41  , one of the men grabbed my daypack as the motorbike swept close by. Within seconds, the two were out of sight,   42   up by the night.
The bag had my passport, money, traveler’s cheques, camera, an airline ticket and other things   43   to me. I was in deep trouble.
In the weeks that followed, I   44  guarded the rest of my valuables and regarded all   45   with suspicion. All I wanted was to leave this place.
Then, walking through Burkina’s streets, I met with an old woman, “Gift! Gift!” she cried. I’d had enough. I was   46  of the country: its poverty, its thieves, the heat, and the dust, I told her angrily, “A thief stole all my money and now I can’t   47   out of your country. I cannot give you anything”.
The beggar woman listened attentively and   48   my words. Then she reached   49   the folds of her dress.
“Then I will give you a gift”, she announced. Kindly, she placed and old, dark brown coin in my hand. I looked at it in   50  . It was a very small amount of money – but for this woman, the coin   51   a meal. At that moment, I felt a shame. In spite of the   52  , she was able to give me something priceless.
I saw then the   53  beauty of the people of Burkina, and appreciated deeply the quiet   54   of the poor. With the old woman’s gift, I hope never to part with the coin she gave me. With one small coin, she   55   my concept completely.

第二卷（共35分）

第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）

任务型读写（共10小题；每空1分，满分10分）

阅读下列短文，根据所读内容在文章后的表格中填入恰当的单词。注意：表格中的每个空格只填1个单词

Can the thought of loved ones help reduce pain? This may indicate the importance of social relationships and staying socially connected. A study was recently conducted by researchers at the University of California in Los Angeles.

In the study, the researchers asked 25 women to participate who had boyfriends with whom they had been in a good relationship for more than six months. The women received painful heat stimuli(刺激)to their forearms while they went through a number of different conditions.

In one set of conditions, they viewed photographs of their boyfriend, a stranger and a chair. “When the women were just looking at pictures of their partner, they actually reported less pain to the heat stimuli than when they were looking at pictures of an object or pictures of a stranger, ” said study co-author Naomi Eisenberger, director of UCLA’s Social and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, “Thus, the mere reminder of one’s partner through a simple photograph was capable of reducing pain.”

In another set of conditions, each woman held the hand of her boyfriend, the hand of a male stranger and a squeeze ball. The study found that when women were holding their boyfriends’ hands, they reported less physical pain than when they were holding a stranger’s hand or a ball while receiving the same amount of heat stimulation.

“This changes our idea of how social support influences people,” Eisenberger said.

“This study proves how much of an impact our social ties can have on our experience and fits with other work emphasizing the importance of social support for physical and mental health,” Eisenberger added.

The researchers advised that the next time people are going through a stressful or painful experience, if they cannot bring a loved one with them, a photo may do.

All plant cells are able to take up water. Even dead ones do to a certain degree. Absorption of water by dead cell walls makes wood swell(肿胀). In common land plants, the living cells of roots take up most of the water. Land plants without roots do exist, however. Those greenish-yellow lichens(苔藓)you see on tree trunks and on rocks in the high mountains have no roots. Half a billion years ago, when water plant started to invade the land, the first primitive land plants did not have roots; they were marsh (沼泽) plants.

Even among the flowering plants, one finds rootless forms. These flowering plants are the so-called higher plants because they evolved more recently and are thus considered higher on the evolutionary scale. In the Peruvian desert, there grows one of these rootless higher plants, a bromeliad. It is a relative of the pineapple. Even if this plant had roots, they would be of no use, because where the plant grows, it never rains. The plant gets its water exclusively from the dew it collects at night, when its leaves cool off. Such rootless plants, of course, can be moved with ease, but they will only grow when they are placed out in the open. If they are placed too near a house, the radiation from the heat of the house prevents the leaves from cooling and so prevents dew from forming, and the plant dies. In the southern United States and in Puerto Rico, one sees bromeliads growing high above the streets on the insulation of electric wires. These plants get their water from rain, and the only soil they ever come in contact with is the dust that may blow on their leaves.

Wood swells because of _______.

A. the dead cell walls          B. tiny drops of water entering the dead cell

C. the growth of the cell       D. the death of the cell

From the passage we know that the evolutionary scale is arranged according to ______.

A. evolutionary cycles                  B. heights and depths

C. time                                D. kinds

The bromeliad is a plant that _______.

A. has useless roots             B. is a pineapple

C. can grow anywhere           D. takes up water through its leaves

Which of the following is NOT true?

Water plants existed before land plants.

Only living plant cells take up water.

The greenish-yellow lichens are uncommon land plants.

The living cells of roots absorb more water than the rest of the plant.

The most suitable title for this passage is ______.

A. water intake by cells  B. rootless plantsC. plant in the desert   D. higher plants

Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time – about eight hours after you wake up – your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern (模式). They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people take naps(小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease.
Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap – even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
【小题1】Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?