Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it's because we have mirror neurons (神经元）in our brains.

Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.

Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: "The hand took hold of the ball"), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).

Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.

Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with even more information concerning how humans behave and interact (互动). Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物)for neuroscience of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you'll understand why.

1.Mirror neurons can explain _________.

A．why we cry when we are hurt

B．why we cough when we suffer from a cold

C．why we smile when we see someone else smile

D．why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late

2.The underlined word "triggered" in the third paragraph probably means “_________”.

A．set off            B．cut off            C．built up           D．broken up

3.We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _________.

A．relate to human behavior and interaction

B．control human physical actions and feelings

C．result in bad behavior and social disorders

D．determine our knowledge and language abilities

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A．Ways to find mirror neurons.              B．Problems of mirror neurons.

C．Existence of mirror neurons.               D．Functions of mirror neurons.

Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.

Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多样化饮食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.

Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.

1.We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.

   A. depend on one sense in choosing food     B.  are not satisfied with their food

   C. choose food in similar ways             D. eat entirely different food

2.Which of the following eats only one type of food?

   A. The white butterfly.                   B. The small bird.

   C. The bear.                            D. The fox.

3.Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.

   A. the season changes                    B. the food color changes

   C. they move to different places            D. they are attracted by different smells

4.We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.

   A. food is chosen for a good reason         B. French and British food is good

   C. some people have few choices of food    D. some people care little about healthy diet

根据对话内容, 从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并将答案写在二卷对应位置（否则不予给分）, 选项中有两项多余选项。

-- Hello, this is Susan Wilson. May I speak to Greg Robinson, please?

-- Hi, Susan! ___1.___. What can I do for you?

-- Well. I’m calling to tell you about the theatre group I belong to, the Princeton Players. We’re looking for more people to join, especially men.   2.  .

-- Oh, you know how much I love acting, but I’m taking some very hard courses. I might be able to learn may part, but   3.  .

-- Well, actually, we rehearse only one night a week, Thursday, from 7 to 10, though we would have to pit in extra time before a performance.

-- Only once a week, you say?  4.  .

-- Sure. But look, why don’t you come and watch our rehearsal next Thursday? I think you will like the way we work. When you see how much fun it is, you’ll want to join right sway.

-- OK, I’ll come to a rehearsal,   5.  .

-- Great! I’ll give you a call on Wednesday to remind you. Talk to you then. Bye for now.

-- Bye, Susan.

 A. I’m Greg Robinson. 

B. And I thought you might be interested in it. 

C. It’s Greg. 

D. but I can’t promise more than that. 

E. I would hardly have time to rehearse.

F. if the play interests me.  

G. Well, could you give me time to think it over?

It seems hard to watch someone yawn and not to yawn ourselves. Even reading about yawning can make you do it. Now, a new study has found why yawning has such a powerful force.

Yawning when others yawn, the study suggests, is a sign of pity and a form of social connection. Kids don’t develop this deeply rooted behavior until around age four, the study found. Kids with autism (自闭症) are less likely to catch yawns. In the most serious cases, they never do. Yawning might help doctors to see whether the children are developing rightly. The work could also lead to a better understanding of the ways that people communicate and connect.

"Emotional infection seems to be a born thing that connects us together," said Molly Helt, a graduate student in psychology at the University of Connecticut. "Yawning may be part of that." Inspiration for her study came when she tried to get her own autistic son to clear his ears on an airplane. She repeatedly yawned at him, hoping he would yawn back. He never did.

"The fact that autistic kids don’t do it might mean they’re really missing out on that emotional connection with people around them," she said. "The biggest thing people try to figure out after birth is how we become humans and understand that humans have minds that are different from others’," she added. "Autistic people never seem to understand that."

Like infectious laughter and crying, scientists have found that yawning is a shared experience that promotes social connection. Helt said it could fight stress after a period of being nervous and spread a feeling of calm through a group.

1.What does the new study suggest, according to the first two paragraphs?

A．It is easy to stop yawning when you see others yawn.

B．Yawning has some mysterious force which is related to God.

C．Children follow others in yawning just after they are born.

D．Yawning is a form of communication.

2.According to Molly Helt, _________________.

A．emotions are infectious, but yawning is not

B．yawning helps clear ears on planes

C．humans differ from animals because they communicate with others

D．yawning is a kind of emotional connection among humans

3.Which of the following is NOT true about yawning?

A．It is natural to yawn back if people around you yawn.

B．Some kids are too young to yawn after others.

C．Yawning can be used to test children’s development.

D．Kids with autism yawn easily when others yawn.

4.The author implies in the last paragraph that ________.

A．it is bad manners to yawn on some social occasions

B．yawning can make people feel relaxed

C．yawning is different from infectious laughter and crying in theory

D．the more you yawn, the happier you will be

Dear son,
The day that you see me old and I am already not in good health, have patience and try to understand me.
If I get dirty when eating, if I can not dress, have patience and remember the hours I   31   teaching it to you. If, when I speak to you, I   32  the same things thousand and one times, do not   33   me, listen to me. When you were small, I had to read to you thousand and one times the same story   34   you got to sleep. When I do not want to have a   35  , neither shame me nor scold me. Remember when I had to chase you with thousand excuses I   36  , in order that you wanted to bathe. When you see my   37   little about new technologies, give me the necessary time and do not look at me with your mocking(嘲弄) smile. I taught you   38   to do so many things: to eat food, to dress well, to confront life…. When at some moment I lose the memory or the   39  of our conversation, let me have the necessary time to remember, and if I cannot do it, do not become nervous, as the most important thing is not our conversation but surely to be with you and to have you   40   to me.
If ever I do not want to eat, do not force me. I know well   41   I need to and when not. When my   42   legs do not allow me to walk, give me your   43  , the same way I did when you gave your first   44  . And when someday I say to you that I do not want to   45   any more ---- that I want to rest forever, do not get ___46__. Someday you will understand.
Try to understand that my age is not lived but survived. Some day you will discover that, despite my mistakes, I always wanted the   47   thing for you and that I tried to prepare the way for you. You must not feel sad, angry or impotent(无可奈何) for seeing me   48   you. You must be next to me, try to understand me and to help me as I did it when you   49   living. Help me to walk, help me to end my way with love and  50  . I will pay you by a smile and by the immense love I have had always for you.
I love you, Son
Your father