We discuss the issue of when to help a patient die. Doctors of our generation are not newcomers to this question. Going back to my internship（实习）days, I can remember many patients in pain, sometimes in coma(昏迷), with late, hopeless cancer. For many of them, we wrote an order for heavy medication—morphine(吗啡)by the clock. This was not talked about openly and little was written about it. It was essential, not controversial.

The best way to bring the problem into focus is to describe two patients whom I cared for. The first, formerly a nurse, had an automobile accident. A few days later her lungs seemed to fill up; her heart developed dangerous rhythm disturbances. So there she was: in coma, on a breathing machine, her heartbeat maintained with an electrical device. One day after rounds, my secretary said the husband and son of the patient wanted to see me. They told me their wife and mother was obviously going to die; she was a nurse and had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terrible death, being maintained by machines. I told them that while I respected their view, there was nothing deadly about her situation. The kidney(肾) failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial kidney was most effective. While possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed. Here was the head surgeon seemingly determined to keep everybody alive, no matter what.

Within a few days the patient's pacemaker(起搏器) could be removed and she awoke from her coma. About six months later, the door of my office opened and in walked a gloriously fit woman. After some cheery words of appreciation, the father and son asked to speak to me alone. As soon as the door closed, both men became quite tearful. All that came out was, "We want you to know how wrong we were."

The second patient was an 85-year-old lady whose hair caught fire while she was smoking. She arrived with a deep burn; I knew it would surely be deadly. As a remarkable coincidence there was a meeting for discussion going on at the time in medical ethics(道德). The speaker asked me if I had any sort of ethical problem I could bring up for discussion. I described the case and asked the students their opinion. After the discussion, I made a remark that was, when looking back, a serious mistake. I said, "I'll take the word back to the nurses about her and we will talk about it some more before we decide." The instructor and the students were shocked: "You mean this is a real patient?" The teacher of ethics was not accustomed to being challenged by actuality. In any event, I went back and met with the nurses. A day or two later, when she was making no progress and was suffering terribly, we began to back off treatment. Soon she died quietly and not in pain. As a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you. And don't discuss it with the world first. There is a lesson here for everybody. Assisting people to leave this life requires strong judgment and long experience to avoid its misuse.

50. In the early days when a patient had got a deadly, hopeless illness, _____.

A.      doctors used to ask the patient to go back home and wait for death

B.      doctors would write all their treatment plan on the patient’s medical record

C.      doctors would talk about their treatment plan openly

D.     usually doctors would inject more morphine into the patient to end his life

51. The first patient’s husband and son wanted the doctor_____.

A.      to end her life                                       B. to save her life

C.      to operate on her at once                       D. to use an artificial kidney

52. In the second paragraph, why were they disappointed?

A.      Their wife and mother was going to die.                                                

B.      They doctor didn’t do as they asked to.

C.      Their wife and mother had to receive a kidney transplant.

D.     The doctor scolded them for their cruelty                                                      

53. At the meeting, the author discussed with the students_____.

A.      how to help patients end their lives

B.      the importance of mercy killing

C.      the relationship between mercy killing and ethics

D.     the case about an old lady

54. The author suggested that doctors_____ before they assist a patient in killing himself.

A.      discuss it with the others first

B.      make sure there is no other choice left

C.      be required to do so first by the patient

D.     give the patient enough morphine

55.     Which of the following can best describe the author?

1. Cruel.          B. Determined.          C. Experienced.         D. Considerate.

　　Mr. Fuller was a polite young man. He left a college and found a job in a big hotel. He was kind to everyone and ready to help others. Mr. Galt trusted（信任）him and paid him more. And the young man thanked him very much and worked harder.

　　Mr. Galt had a daughter Dianne. The girl was self-willed and never listened to others. She liked nothing but wearing and spent a of time in dancing. The old man liked her always made them obey her. So nobody would marry her. As a twenty-eight-year-old girl, she was worried about it. The old man had to marry her to Mr. Fuller though he came from a poor family.

　　The woman looked down upon her husband at all and never went out with him. Mr. Galt knew all about it, but told the young man to obey her. Mr. Fuller was sorry for it but didn't mind it. He did all at home and never asked her where she had been or who she had met.

　　One evening Mr. Fuller was busy and forgot to wake his wife up in time. The woman was angry and hit him on the nose. Blood ran down his face and dropped on his white shirt. He picked up a stick and held it up. The woman fell to the floor while she was running towards him. And her beautiful skirt was broken. The young man ran to the police station in a hurry while his wife was looking for a knife.

　　“What's the matter, sir?”asked a policeman.

　　“I beat my wife just now,”answered Mr. fuller.

　　“Have you ever beaten her to death?”

　　“I've come here just because I have NOT.”

(1) Mr. Galt trusted Mr. Fuller because ________

[　　]

A．the young man was born in a poor family

B．the young man had studied in a college.

C．the young man often helped others.

D．the young man worked hard

(2) The word“self-willed”in the story means ________

[　　]

(3) Nobody would marry Dianne because ________.

[　　]

A．they were afraid to live with such a girl like her

B．she was born in a rich family

C．she was twenty-eight years old

D．her father had only one hotel

(4) ________, so the young man married her.

[　　]

A．Mr. Fuller wasn't afraid of Dianne

B．Mr. Fuller knew Dianne had much money

C．Mr. Fuller loved Dianne very much

D．Mr. Fuller thanked Mr. Galt very much

(5) Dianne didn't think ________, so she didn't love him.

[　　]

A．her husband was polite to her

B．her husband was rich enough

C．her husband could dance with her

D．her husband could do housework at home

(6) Mr. Fuller picked up a stick to ________.

[　　]

(7) Mr. Fuller ran to the police station because ________.

[　　]

A．he was afraid to be killed

B．he thought he had hurt his wife

C．he knew he had done wrong

D．he had no money to pay for her skirt

　　Mr. Fuller was a polite young man. He left a college and found a job in a big hotel. He was kind to everyone and ready to help others. Mr. Galt trusted（信任）him and paid him more. And the young man thanked him very much and worked harder.

　　Mr. Galt had a daughter Dianne. The girl was self-willed and never listened to others. She liked nothing but wearing and spent a of time in dancing. The old man liked her always made them obey her. So nobody would marry her. As a twenty-eight-year-old girl, she was worried about it. The old man had to marry her to Mr. Fuller though he came from a poor family.

　　The woman looked down upon her husband at all and never went out with him. Mr. Galt knew all about it, but told the young man to obey her. Mr. Fuller was sorry for it but didn't mind it. He did all at home and never asked her where she had been or who she had met.

　　One evening Mr. Fuller was busy and forgot to wake his wife up in time. The woman was angry and hit him on the nose. Blood ran down his face and dropped on his white shirt. He picked up a stick and held it up. The woman fell to the floor while she was running towards him. And her beautiful skirt was broken. The young man ran to the police station in a hurry while his wife was looking for a knife.

　　“What's the matter, sir?”asked a policeman.

　　“I beat my wife just now,”answered Mr. fuller.

　　“Have you ever beaten her to death?”

　　“I've come here just because I have NOT.”

(1) Mr. Galt trusted Mr. Fuller because ________

[　　]

A．the young man was born in a poor family

B．the young man had studied in a college.

C．the young man often helped others.

D．the young man worked hard

(2) The word“self-willed”in the story means ________

[　　]

(3) Nobody would marry Dianne because ________.

[　　]

A．they were afraid to live with such a girl like her

B．she was born in a rich family

C．she was twenty-eight years old

D．her father had only one hotel

(4) ________, so the young man married her.

[　　]

A．Mr. Fuller wasn't afraid of Dianne

B．Mr. Fuller knew Dianne had much money

C．Mr. Fuller loved Dianne very much

D．Mr. Fuller thanked Mr. Galt very much

(5) Dianne didn't think ________, so she didn't love him.

[　　]

A．her husband was polite to her

B．her husband was rich enough

C．her husband could dance with her

D．her husband could do housework at home

(6) Mr. Fuller picked up a stick to ________.

[　　]

(7) Mr. Fuller ran to the police station because ________.

[　　]

A．he was afraid to be killed

B．he thought he had hurt his wife

C．he knew he had done wrong

D．he had no money to pay for her skirt

Helen Keller was born in America in June, 1880. Everything was all right when she was born. But when she was 19 months old, an attack of fever left her blind and deaf for the rest of her life. She was so young when she became blind that as she grew older she did not remember being able to see; and she became deaf before she had any idea of the importance of human speech. She lived in darkness and silence.
As she grew older, she, too, wanted to express her ideas and feelings. But she realized she was cut off from others. Her parents were greatly worried. How could anyone make touch with Helen’s mind and intelligence in darkness and silence without speech? Helen was nearly seven before a teacher was found. Her name was Miss Sullivan.
Miss Sullivan had a lot of difficulties in teaching Helen Keller. As the child could neither see nor hear, she had to use manual alphabet. But Helen’s energy and intelligence and strong spirit as well as Miss Sullivan’s skill and patience, overcame all the difficulties. As Helen grew up, she became an able student, passed examination and finally took a university degree in English literature. She then devoted all herself to helping the blind and the deaf. Her personal success, together with the work she had done for others, made her one of the greatest women in modern times. She wrote many books and “The Story of My Life”is a wonderful one.
【小题1】Which of the following statements is TRUE?